{ "abstract": "Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the tick-borne rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale, is a significant threat to livestock health and productivity. The major surface protein 1a (MSP1a) is a widely used molecular marker for characterizing strain diversity, due to its variable N-terminal tandem repeats. In this study, we analyzed and updated the nomenclature classification of 157 A. marginale MSP1a sequences submitted to NCBI between 2013 and 2023, following the research by Cabezas-Cruz in 2013. We identified and classified 189 unique tandem repeats, reported their tick-transmissibility, predicted their secondary structures and B-cell epitopes, and analyzed amino acid variability. Following this, we conducted a comparative analysis with previously published datasets, which revealed new tandem repeat types, new positions of serine within tandem repeats, and high variation among B-cell epitope variants. We have also classified the unique R1 tandem repeats of the new MSP1a sequences into different ecoregion clusters based on the principal component analysis of NDVI values. This updated classification system enhances the molecular understanding of A. marginale diversity and may contribute to future developments in strain typing, epidemiological investigations, and vaccine research.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Genomics Research Group, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh.", "Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University of Women (AUW), Chittagong, Bangladesh.", "Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Chittagong, Bangladesh." ], "article_type": "Research Article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 13, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Amam Zonaed Siddiki" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Nazifa Humaira", "orcid": "0009-0003-2141-7956" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Nanziba Sharmin Hossain", "orcid": "0009-0001-1973-136X" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Yusra Bint Akbar", "orcid": "0009-0009-0121-6384" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Puja Palit", "orcid": "0009-0005-6486-6692" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Pann Ei Phwe" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Rahima Akter Eva", "orcid": "0009-0005-4332-6478" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Hala Alshaar" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Marjia Islam Tia", "orcid": "0009-0005-5038-0771" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Kethain Marma", "orcid": "0009-0002-2940-3375" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Barsha Akter" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Samira Sultana", "orcid": "0009-0000-2128-512X" }, { "affs": [ 0, 2 ], "name": "Sabreena Alam", "orcid": "0000-0001-6058-4253" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fxb7db17qpe0t.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360505", "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686480", "id": "fxb7db17qpe0t", "issns": [ "1932-6203" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360505", "language": "eng", "licence": "CC-BY", "licence_label": "CC BY", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2405|Vector-borne infectious diseases" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteins/Amino acids/Aliphatic amino acids/Glycine" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Blood cells/White blood cells/B cells" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Immune cells/Antibody-producing cells/B cells" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Immune cells/White blood cells/B cells" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Evolutionary systematics/Phylogenetics/Phylogenetic analysis" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Genomics/Repeated sequences/Tandem repeats" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/Antibody-producing cells/B cells" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/White blood cells/B cells" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques/Amino acid analysis" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Sequencing techniques/Protein sequencing" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Invertebrates/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodes/Ticks" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Species interactions/Disease vectors/Ticks" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Taxonomy/Evolutionary systematics/Phylogenetics/Phylogenetic analysis" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Invertebrates/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodes/Ticks" ], [ "plos", "/Computer and information sciences/Data management/Taxonomy/Evolutionary systematics/Phylogenetics/Phylogenetic analysis" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/Antibody-producing cells/B cells" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/White blood cells/B cells" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Disease vectors/Ticks" ], [ "plos", "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Organic compounds/Amino acids/Aliphatic amino acids/Glycine" ], [ "plos", "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Organic chemistry/Organic compounds/Amino acids/Aliphatic amino acids/Glycine" ], [ "plos", "/Research and analysis methods/Database and informatics methods/Bioinformatics/Sequence analysis/Amino acid sequence analysis" ], [ "plos", "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques/Amino acid analysis" ], [ "plos", "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Sequencing techniques/Protein sequencing" ] ], "openalex": "W7223143982", "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686480?pdf=render", "pmcid": "PMC13686480", "pmid": "42905739", "published": "2026-10-21", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fxb7db17qpe0t.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:23Z", "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360505", "source": "plos", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360505" }, { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z", "native_id": "MED:42905739", "source": "europepmc", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42905739" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biochemistry", "origin": "plos:molecular biology", "subfield": "molecular-biology" }, { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:cell biology", "subfield": "cell-biology" }, { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:immunology", "subfield": "immunology" } ], "title": "Nomenclature, classification, and in-silico structural analysis of MSP1a variants of Anaplasma marginale", "title_text": "Nomenclature, classification, and in-silico structural analysis of MSP1a variants of Anaplasma marginale", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fxb7db17qpe0t", "venue": "PLOS One", "versions": [] }