{
  "abstract": "The present study was designed to investigate the association between post-traumatic stress, mental resilience and self-compassion in adolescents involved in bullying incidents at school. It also examined whether there are differences between: a) boys and girls, and b) victims, bullies, bully/victims, observers and students non-involved in bullying, in terms of levels of post-traumatic stress, resilience and self-compassion. A total of 658 students, 277 boys (42%) and 381 girls (58%), attending the first grade of 17 different high schools in Thessaly, Greece, participated in the study by completing a series of self-report questionnaires. The results indicated higher PTSD symptom scores for girls compared to boys, whereas boys reported higher total self-compassion (primarily reflecting lower self-judgment). Moreover, victims and bully/victims showed higher levels of PTSD compared to bullies, observers, and students non-involved in bullying. Observers showed higher levels of mental resilience compared to victims and bully/victims. Observer and non-involved students showed higher levels of self-compassion compared to victims and bully/victims. Finally, mental resilience was positively correlated to self-compassion, and total PTSD symptoms were negatively correlated to mental resilience and self-compassion. These findings may significantly contribute toward designing interventions for strengthening mental resilience and cultivating self-compassion to address bullying.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Primary Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Vasiliki Makrydaki"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Eleni Andreou"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fxh5v7wbtexc8.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1007/s40653-026-00921-3",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13737324/",
  "id": "fxh5v7wbtexc8",
  "issns": [
    "1936-1521",
    "1936-153X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-026-00921-3",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3207|Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4411280496",
  "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40653-026-00921-3.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13737324",
  "pmid": "42991955",
  "published": "2026-06-04",
  "publisher": "Springer",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fxh5v7wbtexc8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:22:32Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13737324",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-026-00921-3"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:3203|Child Abuse and Trauma",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Bullying/Victimization Experiences, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Mental Resilience and Self-Compassion in Adolescent Students",
  "title_text": "Bullying/Victimization Experiences, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Mental Resilience and Self-Compassion in Adolescent Students",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:22:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fxh5v7wbtexc8",
  "venue": "Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma",
  "versions": []
}