{
  "abstract": "A fluorescent probe CPT has been strategically designed and synthesized via Ullmann and Claisen–Schmidt condensation reactions, and its photophysical properties were systematically investigated. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with a 25 nm hypsochromic shift, was attributed to aggregate formation. Further, probe CPT exhibited distinct solvatochromic behavior with a 31 nm bathochromic shift. Owing to these unique optical properties, probe CPT serves as an efficient sensing tool for 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT), exhibiting a fluorescence-quenching response via a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. Probe CPT exhibited a hypsochromic shift of 39 nm upon treating with 4-NT. The interaction mechanism was investigated using 1H NMR, FTIR, mass spectrometry titration, DLS, and DFT calculations. CPT exhibited excellent selectivity and high sensitivity toward 4-NT, with an LOD of 0.16 nM and an LOQ of 0.55 nM. Furthermore, probe CPT exhibited remarkable efficacy in solid and solution-phase sensing of 4-NT, highlighting its potential applicability for monitoring 4-NT in real industrial effluents.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 960 Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia",
    "Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, University Road Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan",
    "School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Saleh S. Alarfaji"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Alam Shabbir"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Huda Khalid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qudsia Sajid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Asad Muhammad Khan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5796-6573"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Umar Farooq"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sohail Anjum Shahzad",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4226-3023"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fxva32rsmh72j.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra08681k",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733534/",
  "id": "fxva32rsmh72j",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08681k",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-3.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 3.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1607|Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225241967",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13733534",
  "pmid": "42985325",
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fxva32rsmh72j.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:23:17Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13733534",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08681k"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1607|Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection",
      "subfield": "physical"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Development of AIE active carbazole based fluorescent probe for rapid detection of 4-nitrotoluene in solution and solid phases: experimental and DFT insights",
  "title_text": "Development of AIE active carbazole based fluorescent probe for rapid detection of 4-nitrotoluene in solution and solid phases: experimental and DFT insights",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:23:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fxva32rsmh72j",
  "venue": "RSC Advances",
  "versions": []
}