{
  "abstract": "The TRAPPIST-1 system is well known for its seven transiting Earth-sized exoplanets. It has been extensively studied and characterized, notably with transit timing variations (TTVs), to precisely measure the mass of the planets. Using near-infrared spectroscopic observations obtained as part of the SPIRou Legacy Survey and the NIRPS Guaranteed Time Observation programs, we aimed to verify those values through radial velocity (RV) measurements of the system. Our RV analysis reveals that the current data do not have the precision required to individually detect the TRAPPIST-1 planets. However, we confidently detect (Δ ln 𝒵 = 7.53, 1860:1 odds) the combined RV signature of the planets by using the relative masses derived from the TTV analysis, with TRAPPIST-1 b as a proxy for the whole system. For the first time, the RV signal of the TRAPPIST-1 system is recovered: we find a RV semi-amplitude of Kb = 3.65−0.83+0.78 m s−1. This corresponds to a planetary mass of Mp, b = 1.31 ± 0.29 M⊕ and demonstrates that the RV measurements are consistent with the TTV model (Mp, b; TTV = 1.374 ± 0.069 M⊕). Additionally, the NIRPS RVs constrain the presence of giant planets beyond the snow line, excluding Saturn-mass planets out to 2.7-yr orbits and Neptune-mass objects out to 20 d. Through RV, we determined the stellar activity period to be of 3.22−0.20+0.22 d. Its agreement with photometric measurements (K2 and TESS) confirms stellar rotation as the origin of the ~3.3-d periodicity observed for TRAPPIST-1. We further investigated stellar activity with SPIRou polarimetric measurements, and placed an upper limit on the longitudinal field (|Bl| < 40 G, 3σ). This limit is compatible with a weak multipolar large-scale magnetic geometry, as observed in some of the later-type rapidly rotating M dwarfs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institut Trottier de recherche sur les exoplanètes, Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, 1375 Ave Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux",
    "CNRS, OMP, Université de Toulouse",
    "Department of Astronomy, University of Washington",
    "Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG",
    "LUPM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS",
    "Sterrewacht Leiden, Universiteit Leiden",
    "Canada-France-Hawai’i Telescope, CNRS",
    "Institut d’astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Sorbonne Université",
    "Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève",
    "Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário",
    "Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas",
    "Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California",
    "Department of Physics, McGill University",
    "Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University",
    "Planétarium de Montréal, Espace pour la Vie, 4801 Ave Pierre-de Coubertin",
    "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Calle Vía Láctea s/n",
    "Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n",
    "Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago",
    "Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen’s University",
    "Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 60,
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      "name": "L’Heureux Alexandrine",
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      "name": "Artigau Étienne",
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      "name": "Cook Neil J.",
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      "name": "Agol Eric",
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      "name": "Bonfils Xavier",
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      "name": "Morin Julien",
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      "name": "Cowan Nicolas B.",
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      "name": "Fontinele Dasaev O.",
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      "name": "Frensch Yolanda G. C.",
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      "name": "Gagné Jonathan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2592-9612"
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      "name": "González Hernández Jonay I.",
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      "name": "Gromek Nicole",
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      "name": "Hobson Melissa J.",
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      "name": "Krishnamurthy Vigneshwaran",
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      "name": "Messias Yuri S.",
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      "name": "Nielsen Louise D.",
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      "name": "Osborn Ares",
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      "name": "Parc Léna",
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      "name": "Piaulet-Ghorayeb Caroline",
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      "name": "Santos Nuno C.",
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      "name": "Neil Skinner Bennett",
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      "name": "Stefanov Atanas K.",
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      "name": "Suárez Mascareño Alejandro",
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      "name": "Wade Gregg",
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fyhktdfcnmr0e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202659920",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2026/10/aa59920-26/aa59920-26.html",
  "id": "fyhktdfcnmr0e",
  "issns": [
    "0004-6361",
    "1432-0746"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202659920",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "lcc",
      "QB1-991"
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      "3103|Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies"
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  "openalex": "W7208788542",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": "EDP Sciences",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fyhktdfcnmr0e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:47Z",
      "native_id": "b6162297cc174e218f50c5fe9478c3c8",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202659920"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies",
      "subfield": "stellar"
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  ],
  "title": "Radial velocity detection of the TRAPPIST-1 planetary system with SPIRou and NIRPS",
  "title_text": "Radial velocity detection of the TRAPPIST-1 planetary system with SPIRou and NIRPS",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:47Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fyhktdfcnmr0e",
  "venue": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
  "versions": []
}