{
  "abstract": "Mycotoxins are common contaminants of the food and feed chain and have been associated with developmental disorders, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and various types of cancer. This study aimed to estimate dietary mycotoxin exposure in the Hungarian population and to identify the major cereal-based food contributors. Urinary mycotoxin concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS, and population exposure was assessed using estimated daily intake (EDI) values. Associations between food consumption and urinary mycotoxin levels were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis on urine samples collected in year 2018 and 2020. The average EDI values were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for all mycotoxins in both years, except for ochratoxin A in 2018. Distinct exposure patterns were observed between the two sampling years. In 2018, consumption of oats and oat-based products showed a moderate positive correlation with urinary fumonisin B₂ levels (r(s) = 0.497, adjusted p = 0.001962350574942). In 2020, wheat and wheat-based product consumption correlated with urinary deoxynivalenol levels (r(s) = 0.6868, adjusted p = 0.009509496), while corn and corn-based product consumption correlated with urinary zearalenone levels (r(s) = 0.6137, adjusted p = 0.04134226737). These findings highlight differences in dietary mycotoxin exposure between the studied populations and sampling periods and emphasize the importance of human biomonitoring to identify major dietary mycotoxin sources/carriers and support exposure and risk assessment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "HUN-REN-MATE, Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Science, Guba S. Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.",
    "MATE Doctoral School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Guba S. Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.",
    "Institute of Animal Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Guba S. Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.",
    "Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy.",
    "Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "NutriComp Ltd., Üllői Street 179, 1091 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Department of Digital Food Science, Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Agro-Biotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Guba S. Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tamás Schieszl",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2170-7315"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "György Kövér"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Lucia Gambacorta",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8870-8198"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Michele Solfrizzo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Lajos Biró"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Györgyi Arató"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Zentai",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-6298-1807"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Brigitta Bóta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "András Szabó",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5315-0024"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Melinda Kovács"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fyja3wb8qhhjr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/toxins18100436",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709526",
  "id": "fyja3wb8qhhjr",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6651"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931527",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221339456",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709526?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13709526",
  "pmid": "42931527",
  "published": "2026-10-10",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fyja3wb8qhhjr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42931527",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42931527"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Associations Between Cereal-Based Food Consumption and Urinary Mycotoxin Biomarkers in a Hungarian Population.",
  "title_text": "Associations Between Cereal-Based Food Consumption and Urinary Mycotoxin Biomarkers in a Hungarian Population.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fyja3wb8qhhjr",
  "venue": "Toxins",
  "versions": []
}