{
  "abstract": "Background and Aims Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) therapy is well-established therapy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Although general anesthesia (GA) was initially advocated for implantation, non-GA has emerged as a feasible alternative in clinical practice. This study evaluated the early and long-term outcomes associated with anesthetic modality during S-ICD implantation procedures. Methods The HONEST study nationwide, single-arm, observational cohort included all patients implanted with an S-ICD (EMBLEM™, Boston Scientific) in France between 2012 and 2019. GA was characterized by controlled unconsciousness with airway management, while non-GA included all alternative techniques. Results Among 4,924 patients, 1,041 (21.1%) underwent non-GA. The proportion of non-GA use increased from 2.5% to 26.9% between 2012 and 2019 (p<0.001). Patients implanted with non-GA modality tended to be older (51 ± 14 vs. 50 ± 15 years), had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (41±16 vs. 43±17%), and fewer secondary prevention indications (33 vs. 38%) (all p<0.01). Thirty-day complication rate was 3.4% in the non-GA group (vs 3.7% in the GA group; p=0.85). At follow-up, the incidence of overall complications (4.29 events per 100 person-years for non-GA versus 4.73 for GA; p=0.937), reintervention (1.21 versus 1.62; p=0.963), inappropriate shocks (2.88 versus 2.78; p=0.782), and all-death (2.93 versus 2.56; p=0.938) were similar between groups. Multivariate analysis confirmed that there were no differences across outcomes (all p values>0.1). Conclusion Anesthesia strategy used for S-ICD implantation was not associated with poorer short- or long-term clinical outcomes, supporting non–general anesthesia as a feasible alternative in appropriately selected patients.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 61,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Luca Donisi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fawzi Kerkouri"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christelle Marquié"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vincent Probst"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vincent Algalarrondo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alaa Al Amoura"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marc Badoz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emilie Bastard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nathalie Behar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Géraldine Bertaux"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francis Bessiere"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre Bordachar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Abdeslam Bouzeman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gilles Cellarier"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jean-Pierre Chabert"
    },
    {
      "name": "Laure Champ-Rigot"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gael Clerici"
    },
    {
      "name": "Antoine da Costa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pascal Defaye"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jean-Claude Deharo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Camille Delahaye"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christian Demasles"
    },
    {
      "name": "Romain Eschalier"
    },
    {
      "name": "Laurent Fauchier"
    },
    {
      "name": "Denis Gaty"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hervé Gorka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cyril Goujeau"
    },
    {
      "name": "Charles Guenancia"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aurélie Guiot"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexis Hermida"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isabelle Heurtebise"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jérôme Hourdain"
    },
    {
      "name": "Peggy Jacon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Laurence Jesel"
    },
    {
      "name": "François Jourda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mikael Laredo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alain Lebon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christophe Leclercq"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francois Lesaffre"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jean Litalien"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christophe Loose"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vincent Mansourati"
    },
    {
      "name": "Philippe Maury"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexis Mechulan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Antoine Milhem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aurélien Miralles"
    },
    {
      "name": "Frédérique Mizon-Gérard"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre Mondoly"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ghassan Moubarak"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jean-Luc Pasquié"
    },
    {
      "name": "David Perrot"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mickaël Peyrol"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anne Quentin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicolas Sadoul"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marc Strik"
    },
    {
      "name": "Claire Vannesson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Frédéric Victor"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aude Zanutto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Serge Boveda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eloi Marijon"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fyrb7mvc13pbe.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/europace/euag148",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "fyrb7mvc13pbe",
  "issns": [
    "1099-5129",
    "1532-2092"
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  "landing_url": "https://u-picardie.hal.science/hal-05662309v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
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  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "2705|Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies"
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  "pdf_url": "https://u-picardie.hal.science/hal-05662309/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-12",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fyrb7mvc13pbe.ris",
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:0.sdv",
      "subfield": "general"
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      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "hal:2.sdv.mhep.csc",
      "subfield": "cardiovascular"
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  "title": "Early complications and long-term outcome of patients treated with a Subcutaneous Cardioverter-Defibrillator: temporal trends and clinical implications of the anesthetic strategies adopted at implant",
  "title_text": "Early complications and long-term outcome of patients treated with a Subcutaneous Cardioverter-Defibrillator: temporal trends and clinical implications of the anesthetic strategies adopted at implant",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fyrb7mvc13pbe",
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