{
  "abstract": "Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells offer a promising route for hydrogen-to-electricity conversion under alkaline conditions, yet the anode hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) remains kinetically sluggish. This Review summarizes key mechanistic views of alkaline HOR, including hydrogen binding, hydroxyl binding, bifunctional effects, and emerging roles of interfacial water and solvation. We highlight experimental tools, such as electrochemical adsorption probes and operando vibrational and X-ray spectroscopies, that reveal potential-dependent surface states and interfacial species. We also discuss theoretical approaches, including density functional theory and data-driven models, for evaluating ensemble effects and elementary reaction barriers. Building on these insights, we outline catalyst design principles for bimetallic and multimetallic nanocatalysts, including high-entropy alloys, emphasizing adsorption-strength tuning, ensemble control, and poisoning tolerance. These discussions provide a basis for rational catalyst optimization under practical alkaline fuel-cell conditions. Finally, we propose six future directions to bridge mechanistic understanding and practical catalyst development for durable, device-relevant alkaline HOR catalysts.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.",
    "High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.",
    "College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yun-Shan Tsai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shang-Cheng Lin",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-8145-9546"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cheng-Yu Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Tung-Han Yang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6175-4207"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fz95pzx41krxq.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.6c00055",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692752",
  "id": "fz95pzx41krxq",
  "issns": [
    "2694-2496"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921036",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2105|Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7167467995",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692752?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13692752",
  "pmid": "42921036",
  "published": "2026-07-06",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fz95pzx41krxq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42921036",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921036"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2105|Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion",
      "subfield": "electrochemistry-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Design Rules for Bimetallic and Multimetallic Nanocatalysts Harnessing Synergistic Effects for Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation.",
  "title_text": "Design Rules for Bimetallic and Multimetallic Nanocatalysts Harnessing Synergistic Effects for Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fz95pzx41krxq",
  "venue": "ACS nanoscience Au",
  "versions": []
}