{
  "abstract": "Background: Ambient ozone (O ₃ ) may adversely affect the upper airway, but whether temperature modifies its short-term association with outpatient visits for allergic rhinitis remains unclear.\n\nMethods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study of 43,418 outpatient visits for allergic rhinitis at a tertiary hospital in Henan, China, during April–October of 2013–2023. Daily O ₃ , PM 2.5 , temperature, and relative humidity (RH) were assigned by residential address using gridded datasets and averaged over lag 0–1 day. Conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per 10 μg/m ³ increase in O ₃ across the observed exposure distribution, adjusting for temperature, RH, and PM 2.5 . Temperature modification was assessed using an interaction term between O ₃ and a natural cubic spline function of temperature.\n\nResults: Each 10 μg/m ³ increase in O ₃ was associated with a 1.2% increase in the odds of an outpatient visit for allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.006–1.017). The largest age-specific estimate was observed among patients aged <18 years (OR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.017–1.044). Temperature significantly modified the association (χ ² = 31.2, P < 0.001), the OR for O ₃ increased from 1.000 at the 25th percentile of temperature to 1.021 at the 75th percentile.\n\nConclusion: Short-term O ₃ exposure was associated with higher odds of outpatient visits for allergic rhinitis, with larger estimates at higher temperatures and among patients aged <18 years.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University",
    "Department of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University",
    "School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University",
    "College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dong Ding"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wei Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Huina Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Leiyu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jinghong Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tengda Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Haohao Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fzy4g3k7kajtx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1952329",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13727516/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "fzy4g3k7kajtx",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1952329/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Air Quality and Health Impacts"
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  "openalex": "W7223021748",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1952329/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13727516",
  "pmid": "42978711",
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fzy4g3k7kajtx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1952329",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1952329/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:46Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13727516",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727516"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1952329"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Air Quality and Health Impacts",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Temperature-dependent association between ambient ozone exposure and allergic rhinitis-related outpatient visits: a time-stratified case-crossover study in Henan Province, China",
  "title_text": "Temperature-dependent association between ambient ozone exposure and allergic rhinitis-related outpatient visits: a time-stratified case-crossover study in Henan Province, China",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fzy4g3k7kajtx",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Public Health",
  "versions": []
}