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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0PLOS One

Experimental study on the engineering performance of LSP stabilized expansive soil under cyclic drying-wetting condition

  • Lin Qin1
  • Jie Li2
  • Fusheng Zha3
  • Long Xu
  • Bo Kang
  1. 1School of Intelligent Construction and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, China
  2. 2China Jikan Research Institute of Engineering Investigations and Design, Co., Ltd., Xi’an, China
  3. 3School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Abstract

Conventional binders to treat expansive soil commonly present challenges of high cost and significant environmental burdens. To address these limitations, this study proposes an environmentally sustainable binder termed LSP (lime-sodium silicate amended phosphogypsum) based on the valorization of phosphogypsum (PG). Systematic laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the engineering performance of LSP stabilized soil under drying-wetting cycles. Results indicate that the expansive soil stabilized with LSP obtains a higher maximum dry density and a lower optimum moisture content. The swelling-shrink potential is weakened as well. However, the successive D-W cycles imposes detrimental impacts on the development of all the geotechnical indexes, including free swelling index, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shear strength, compressibility and permeability. LSP reduces FSI from 58.6% to 32.1%; UCS decreases by 26.5% after 15 cycles; permeability increases 1.65-fold. XRD and MIP analyses reveal that physical filling by PG powder constitutes the primary mechanism for the improvement of soil engineering properties, while micro-crack development is the controlled mechanism for the deterioration induced by D-W cycles.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{qin2026experimental,
  title = {{Experimental study on the engineering performance of LSP stabilized expansive soil under cyclic drying-wetting condition}},
  author = {Lin Qin and Jie Li and Fusheng Zha and Long Xu and Bo Kang},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0358749},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358749},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Experimental study on the engineering performance of LSP stabilized expansive soil under cyclic drying-wetting condition
AU  - Lin Qin
AU  - Jie Li
AU  - Fusheng Zha
AU  - Long Xu
AU  - Bo Kang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/21
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0358749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358749
AB  - Conventional binders to treat expansive soil commonly present challenges of high cost and significant environmental burdens. To address these limitations, this study proposes an environmentally sustainable binder termed LSP (lime-sodium silicate amended phosphogypsum) based on the valorization of phosphogypsum (PG). Systematic laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the engineering performance of LSP stabilized soil under drying-wetting cycles. Results indicate that the expansive soil stabilized with LSP obtains a higher maximum dry density and a lower optimum moisture content. The swelling-shrink potential is weakened as well. However, the successive D-W cycles imposes detrimental impacts on the development of all the geotechnical indexes, including free swelling index, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shear strength, compressibility and permeability. LSP reduces FSI from 58.6% to 32.1%; UCS decreases by 26.5% after 15 cycles; permeability increases 1.65-fold. XRD and MIP analyses reveal that physical filling by PG powder constitutes the primary mechanism for the improvement of soil engineering properties, while micro-crack development is the controlled mechanism for the deterioration induced by D-W cycles.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -