Toward Simulations of Cold Baryogenesis via Supercooled Phase Transitions
Abstract
Supercooled first-order phase transitions provide an attractive framework for generating observable gravitational waves (GWs), but the accompanying entropy injection dilutes any pre-existing baryon asymmetry, motivating baryogenesis during or after the phase transition. Cold baryogenesis offers a promising mechanism in which bubble collisions generate Higgs winding configurations and the Chern-Simons number through out-of-equilibrium dynamics. In the present study, we perform three-dimensional lattice simulations of a two-field model where the scalar field responsible for the phase transition is separated from the Higgs sector. Using realistic initial conditions obtained from bounce solutions, we follow the bubble expansion and collisions and study the generation of Chern-Simons number. It is found that efficient Chern-Simons production persists even for strongly non-degenerate potentials with large latent heat, which are favorable for enhancing GW signals. We also estimate the resulting baryon asymmetry using the simulated Chern-Simons dynamics and an effective CP-violating operator. Our results demonstrate that cold baryogenesis remains viable in the strongly supercooled regime, providing an important step toward establishing baryogenesis from cosmological first-order phase transitions.
Related
- Two-peak gravitational wave spectra from supercooled two-field phase transitions
- Tachyonic particle production in strongly supercooled phase transitions
- Electroweak-Scale Cosmic Magnetism: Magnetogenesis, Baryogenesis, Phase Transitions and Gravitational Waves
- On the Role of Gravity in Supercooled Phase Transitions
- Dark Transport Erases Baryon Inhomogeneity from Supercooled Phase Transitions
BibTeX
@misc{kitajima2026toward,
title = {{Toward Simulations of Cold Baryogenesis via Supercooled Phase Transitions}},
author = {Naoya Kitajima and Shota Nakagawa and Yuichiro Nakai and Yaoduo Wang and Junxuan Xu},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.09257},
eprint = {2610.09257},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09257},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Toward Simulations of Cold Baryogenesis via Supercooled Phase Transitions
AU - Naoya Kitajima
AU - Shota Nakagawa
AU - Yuichiro Nakai
AU - Yaoduo Wang
AU - Junxuan Xu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.09257
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09257
AB - Supercooled first-order phase transitions provide an attractive framework for generating observable gravitational waves (GWs), but the accompanying entropy injection dilutes any pre-existing baryon asymmetry, motivating baryogenesis during or after the phase transition. Cold baryogenesis offers a promising mechanism in which bubble collisions generate Higgs winding configurations and the Chern-Simons number through out-of-equilibrium dynamics. In the present study, we perform three-dimensional lattice simulations of a two-field model where the scalar field responsible for the phase transition is separated from the Higgs sector. Using realistic initial conditions obtained from bounce solutions, we follow the bubble expansion and collisions and study the generation of Chern-Simons number. It is found that efficient Chern-Simons production persists even for strongly non-degenerate potentials with large latent heat, which are favorable for enhancing GW signals. We also estimate the resulting baryon asymmetry using the simulated Chern-Simons dynamics and an effective CP-violating operator. Our results demonstrate that cold baryogenesis remains viable in the strongly supercooled regime, providing an important step toward establishing baryogenesis from cosmological first-order phase transitions.
ER -