Characterization of a Stably Maintained, Highly Beta-Cypermethrin-Resistant Strain of the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
4 affiliations
- 1Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Major Invasive Alien Species Prevention and Control, School of Plant Protection and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
- 2State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- 3The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- 4State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Abstract
Insecticide resistance threatens effective pest management. In this study on Rhopalosiphum padi, a predominant wheat pest, a field-derived beta-cypermethrin-resistant strain (Beta-R strain) showed a 4623.50-fold resistance increase after 22 generations of beta-cypermethrin exposure and remained highly resistant (>4000-fold) after 40 generations without exposure. Beta-R strain exhibited a relative fitness of 0.92, high cross-resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin, low-to-moderate resistance to sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid, and negative or no resistance to omethoate and chlorpyrifos. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) contribute to this resistance. A homozygous spuer-kdr M918L mutation was identified in the IIS4-S6 region of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in the Beta-R strain; however, transgenic Drosophila melanogaster assays showed that this mutation alone conferred only a 2.96-fold increase in beta-cypermethrin resistance. These findings show that resistant of R. padi to beta-cypermethrin can be retain high-level resistance without insecticide exposure, while also conferring high-level cross-resistance to other pyrethroids and low or negative resistance to other insecticides with different modes of action, with the resistance phenotype linked to upregulated P450/GST activities and an M918L mutation that makes only a minor contribution. These findings have significant implications for the management of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in R. padi.
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BibTeX
@article{li2026characterization,
title = {{Characterization of a Stably Maintained, Highly Beta-Cypermethrin-Resistant Strain of the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae).}},
author = {Xinan Li and Peipan Gong and Zilan Zhao and Fengfan Wang and Qiuchi Li and Xiangrui Li and Yunhui Zhang and Xun Zhu},
journal = {Insects},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/insects17101029},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42940938},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Characterization of a Stably Maintained, Highly Beta-Cypermethrin-Resistant Strain of the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
AU - Xinan Li
AU - Peipan Gong
AU - Zilan Zhao
AU - Fengfan Wang
AU - Qiuchi Li
AU - Xiangrui Li
AU - Yunhui Zhang
AU - Xun Zhu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
JO - Insects
DO - 10.3390/insects17101029
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42940938
AB - Insecticide resistance threatens effective pest management. In this study on Rhopalosiphum padi, a predominant wheat pest, a field-derived beta-cypermethrin-resistant strain (Beta-R strain) showed a 4623.50-fold resistance increase after 22 generations of beta-cypermethrin exposure and remained highly resistant (>4000-fold) after 40 generations without exposure. Beta-R strain exhibited a relative fitness of 0.92, high cross-resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin, low-to-moderate resistance to sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid, and negative or no resistance to omethoate and chlorpyrifos. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) contribute to this resistance. A homozygous spuer-kdr M918L mutation was identified in the IIS4-S6 region of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in the Beta-R strain; however, transgenic Drosophila melanogaster assays showed that this mutation alone conferred only a 2.96-fold increase in beta-cypermethrin resistance. These findings show that resistant of R. padi to beta-cypermethrin can be retain high-level resistance without insecticide exposure, while also conferring high-level cross-resistance to other pyrethroids and low or negative resistance to other insecticides with different modes of action, with the resistance phenotype linked to upregulated P450/GST activities and an M918L mutation that makes only a minor contribution. These findings have significant implications for the management of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in R. padi.
SN - 2075-4450
ER -