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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

A Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Time-Modulated Drude--Lorentz Media

Abstract

We formulate and analyze a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for Maxwell's equations coupled to four time-modulated Drude--Lorentz models: modulated in-coupling, modulated polarization density, modulated current density, and modulated effective mass. The use of electric displacement and model-dependent continuous material states gives a common treatment of temporal interfaces while preserving the distinct physical transmission rules. We derive energy and stability estimates, establish spatial and event-aligned time-error bounds, and separate time-integration error from error caused by misplaced switching times. Numerical experiments in three dimensions and in reduced modal systems confirm the predicted spatial, temporal, and switch-timing behavior, including the field-jump effect specific to the polarization-density model.

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BibTeX
@misc{lee2026hybridizable,
  title = {{A Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Time-Modulated Drude--Lorentz Media}},
  author = {Jeonghun J. Lee},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.21991},
  eprint = {2610.21991},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.21991},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - A Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Time-Modulated Drude--Lorentz Media
AU  - Jeonghun J. Lee
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/15
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.21991
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.21991
AB  - We formulate and analyze a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for Maxwell's equations coupled to four time-modulated Drude--Lorentz models: modulated in-coupling, modulated polarization density, modulated current density, and modulated effective mass. The use of electric displacement and model-dependent continuous material states gives a common treatment of temporal interfaces while preserving the distinct physical transmission rules. We derive energy and stability estimates, establish spatial and event-aligned time-error bounds, and separate time-integration error from error caused by misplaced switching times. Numerical experiments in three dimensions and in reduced modal systems confirm the predicted spatial, temporal, and switch-timing behavior, including the field-jump effect specific to the polarization-density model.
ER  -