Symmetry Rules for Cavity Materials Engineering with Linearly Polarized Vacuum Fields
Abstract
Cavity materials engineering, aiming to manipulate material properties by coupling to vacuum fluctuations inside a cavity, is a rapidly advancing field. Despite significant progress, most studies to date have focused on specific materials and cavity configurations. Here, through a comprehensive group-theoretical analysis, we establish general symmetry rules for cavity materials engineering with linearly polarized cavity photon modes. By analyzing the symmetry of the Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian within the long-wavelength approximation, we provide a classification of the symmetry-breaking patterns induced by cavity modes for all crystallographic point groups. The power of this framework is then demonstrated by quantum-electrodynamical density functional theory calculations. In particular, we explain the distinct cavity-induced lifting of band degeneracies in cubic BaTiO3 for different cavity mode configurations, and the cavity-modified infrared and Raman spectra of monolayer MoS2 due to symmetry breaking. Our results highlight the central role of symmetry in cavity materials engineering and provide general guidelines for future studies in this field.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{quan2026symmetry,
title = {{Symmetry Rules for Cavity Materials Engineering with Linearly Polarized Vacuum Fields}},
author = {Jingkai Quan and Chongxiao Fan and Benshu Fan and I-Te Lu and Dante M. Kennes and Angel Rubio},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.28745},
eprint = {2607.28745},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28745},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Symmetry Rules for Cavity Materials Engineering with Linearly Polarized Vacuum Fields
AU - Jingkai Quan
AU - Chongxiao Fan
AU - Benshu Fan
AU - I-Te Lu
AU - Dante M. Kennes
AU - Angel Rubio
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/06
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.28745
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28745
AB - Cavity materials engineering, aiming to manipulate material properties by coupling to vacuum fluctuations inside a cavity, is a rapidly advancing field. Despite significant progress, most studies to date have focused on specific materials and cavity configurations. Here, through a comprehensive group-theoretical analysis, we establish general symmetry rules for cavity materials engineering with linearly polarized cavity photon modes. By analyzing the symmetry of the Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian within the long-wavelength approximation, we provide a classification of the symmetry-breaking patterns induced by cavity modes for all crystallographic point groups. The power of this framework is then demonstrated by quantum-electrodynamical density functional theory calculations. In particular, we explain the distinct cavity-induced lifting of band degeneracies in cubic BaTiO_3 for different cavity mode configurations, and the cavity-modified infrared and Raman spectra of monolayer MoS_2 due to symmetry breaking. Our results highlight the central role of symmetry in cavity materials engineering and provide general guidelines for future studies in this field.
ER -