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Peer-reviewedCC BYThoracic cancer

Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer Complicated by Interstitial Pneumonia: The CS-Lung 003 Study, Branch Number 28.

  • Kosuke Hamai1,2
  • Nobuhiro Kanaji3
  • Naoki Watanabe3
  • Nobuhisa Ishikawa2
  • Sayaka Ueno2
  • Takeshi Masuda4
  • Noboru Hattori4
  • Masahiro Yamasaki5
  • Naoko Matsumoto5
  • Masamoto Nakanishi6
  • Nobukazu Fujimoto7
  • Nagio Takigawa8
3 more authors
  • Kazuya Nishii9
  • Katsuyuki Hotta10
  • Katsuyuki Kiura6
10 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, JA Onomichi General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
  2. 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
  3. 3Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kida-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
  4. 4Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
  5. 5Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
  6. 6Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
  7. 7Department of Medical Oncology and Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
  8. 8Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
  9. 9Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan.
  10. 10Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Abstract

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve the prognosis of patients with previously treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy and safety of ICIs for patients with NSCLC complicated with interstitial pneumonia (IP) remain unknown. This study aimed to analyze patients with NSCLC and IP treated with ICIs and to investigate the efficacy and exacerbation frequency of ICI therapy.Methods

We prospectively enrolled patients with NSCLC and IP at multiple centers and examined progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results

The median PFS was 5.8 months, and the median OS was 9.7 months. ICI-related lung injury was observed in seven of the 19 patients (36.8%). Pneumonitis was observed in one of five patients with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern and in six of 14 patients with a non-UIP pattern; however, there was no significant difference in onset frequency. Furthermore, we observed no significant difference in PFS between patients with and without ICI-related pneumonitis (6.8 vs. 3.3 months, respectively; p = 0.826). OS tended to be shorter in patients with ICI-related pneumonitis, but the difference was not significant (8.0 vs. 16.7 months, respectively; p = 0.172).Conclusions

The use of ICIs in patients with NSCLC and IP produces long-term responses in some cases; however, there is a high possibility of ICI-related pneumonitis. In cases where the condition worsens, post-treatment may be difficult, and the prognosis may be poor.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{hamai2026efficacy,
  title = {{Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer Complicated by Interstitial Pneumonia: The CS-Lung 003 Study, Branch Number 28.}},
  author = {Kosuke Hamai and Nobuhiro Kanaji and Naoki Watanabe and Nobuhisa Ishikawa and Sayaka Ueno and Takeshi Masuda and Noboru Hattori and Masahiro Yamasaki and Naoko Matsumoto and Masamoto Nakanishi and Nobukazu Fujimoto and Nagio Takigawa and Kazuya Nishii and Katsuyuki Hotta and Katsuyuki Kiura},
  journal = {Thoracic cancer},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1111/1759-7714.70399},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42876359},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer Complicated by Interstitial Pneumonia: The CS-Lung 003 Study, Branch Number 28.
AU  - Kosuke Hamai
AU  - Nobuhiro Kanaji
AU  - Naoki Watanabe
AU  - Nobuhisa Ishikawa
AU  - Sayaka Ueno
AU  - Takeshi Masuda
AU  - Noboru Hattori
AU  - Masahiro Yamasaki
AU  - Naoko Matsumoto
AU  - Masamoto Nakanishi
AU  - Nobukazu Fujimoto
AU  - Nagio Takigawa
AU  - Kazuya Nishii
AU  - Katsuyuki Hotta
AU  - Katsuyuki Kiura
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Thoracic cancer
DO  - 10.1111/1759-7714.70399
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42876359
AB  - Background  Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve the prognosis of patients with previously treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy and safety of ICIs for patients with NSCLC complicated with interstitial pneumonia (IP) remain unknown. This study aimed to analyze patients with NSCLC and IP treated with ICIs and to investigate the efficacy and exacerbation frequency of ICI therapy.Methods  We prospectively enrolled patients with NSCLC and IP at multiple centers and examined progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results  The median PFS was 5.8 months, and the median OS was 9.7 months. ICI-related lung injury was observed in seven of the 19 patients (36.8%). Pneumonitis was observed in one of five patients with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern and in six of 14 patients with a non-UIP pattern; however, there was no significant difference in onset frequency. Furthermore, we observed no significant difference in PFS between patients with and without ICI-related pneumonitis (6.8 vs. 3.3 months, respectively; p = 0.826). OS tended to be shorter in patients with ICI-related pneumonitis, but the difference was not significant (8.0 vs. 16.7 months, respectively; p = 0.172).Conclusions  The use of ICIs in patients with NSCLC and IP produces long-term responses in some cases; however, there is a high possibility of ICI-related pneumonitis. In cases where the condition worsens, post-treatment may be difficult, and the prognosis may be poor.
SN  - 1759-7706
SN  - 1759-7714
ER  -