Quantum electrodynamics of equilibrium systems: A rigorous Maxwell-regularized functional-theoretic formulation
Abstract
A framework for quantum electrodynamics of equilibrium systems is proposed that takes the Maxwell equations as foundational and links them to the structure of density-functional theory for the quantum system. By switching from purely internal observables like the one-particle density to combined internal and external quantities, the external sources and their energy are taken into account. A fully regularized functional theory emerges that avoids the usual representability problems. With the Kohn-Sham construction that links to an auxiliary uncoupled system, the ultra-violet cutoff can be removed and one arrives at a fully renormalized and non-perturbative light-matter description. Regularized forms of density-functional theory with and without magnetic fields appear as boundary cases, while the emergent physical picture reproduces the macroscopic Maxwell equations.
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BibTeX
@misc{penz2026quantum,
title = {{Quantum electrodynamics of equilibrium systems: A rigorous Maxwell-regularized functional-theoretic formulation}},
author = {Markus Penz and Christian Jöns and Michael Ruggenthaler and Angel Rubio},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.18327},
eprint = {2609.18327},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18327},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quantum electrodynamics of equilibrium systems: A rigorous Maxwell-regularized functional-theoretic formulation
AU - Markus Penz
AU - Christian Jöns
AU - Michael Ruggenthaler
AU - Angel Rubio
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/16
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.18327
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18327
AB - A framework for quantum electrodynamics of equilibrium systems is proposed that takes the Maxwell equations as foundational and links them to the structure of density-functional theory for the quantum system. By switching from purely internal observables like the one-particle density to combined internal and external quantities, the external sources and their energy are taken into account. A fully regularized functional theory emerges that avoids the usual representability problems. With the Kohn-Sham construction that links to an auxiliary uncoupled system, the ultra-violet cutoff can be removed and one arrives at a fully renormalized and non-perturbative light-matter description. Regularized forms of density-functional theory with and without magnetic fields appear as boundary cases, while the emergent physical picture reproduces the macroscopic Maxwell equations.
ER -