Influence of Proximal Box Design on Primary Stability and Strength of Indirect Partial Bonded Restorations (IPBR) in Posterior Teeth.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- 2Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy.
- 3Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Naples Federico II, 80146 Naples, Italy.
- 4Restorative Dentistry, Department of Health Science, Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International Medical University, 00131 Rome, Italy.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To evaluate the influence of proximal box design on primary stability and adhesive bond strength of indirect partial bonded restorations (IPBR) in posterior teeth. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted human third upper molars were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10 each): Group A, butt joint overlay-type restorations with proximal box (height-to-depth ratio 1:2-1:3); Group B, proximal box with height-to-depth ratio 1:1; and Group C, flat bevel preparation as control. Specimens underwent standardized preparation: immediate dentin sealing, restoration with overlays, and cementation with Panavia V5 adhesive resin cement. Mechanical measurements were performed to assess the tensile bond strength 48 h post-cementation using a universal testing machine. Finite element analysis (FEA) was also carried out to evaluate stress distribution at the adhesive interface. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with the Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: Group A exhibited significantly higher bond strength values (403.7 ± 37.5 N) compared with Group B (340.4 ± 32.7 N; p < 0.01) and Group C (324.8 ± 33.3 N; p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between Groups B and C. FEA corroborated the experimental findings, showing more homogeneous stress distribution for Group A and higher stress concentrations in Groups B and C. Conclusions: Proximal box design significantly affects the primary stability and bond strength of IPBR in vitro. A deeper proximal box with favourable geometric features enhances adhesive performance and stress distribution. Within the limitations of this study, these findings suggest potential clinical benefits, although further in vivo studies under dynamic conditions are needed to confirm long-term restoration performance.
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BibTeX
@article{cernera2026influence,
title = {{Influence of Proximal Box Design on Primary Stability and Strength of Indirect Partial Bonded Restorations (IPBR) in Posterior Teeth.}},
author = {Mariangela Cernera and Ida Papallo and Vito Gallicchio and Vincenzo Spinelli and Francesco Traino and Rosario Schiano Lo Moriello and Gaetano Paolone and Salvatore Scolavino},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/medicina62101872},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942403},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Influence of Proximal Box Design on Primary Stability and Strength of Indirect Partial Bonded Restorations (IPBR) in Posterior Teeth.
AU - Mariangela Cernera
AU - Ida Papallo
AU - Vito Gallicchio
AU - Vincenzo Spinelli
AU - Francesco Traino
AU - Rosario Schiano Lo Moriello
AU - Gaetano Paolone
AU - Salvatore Scolavino
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/27
JO - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
DO - 10.3390/medicina62101872
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942403
AB - Background and Objectives: To evaluate the influence of proximal box design on primary stability and adhesive bond strength of indirect partial bonded restorations (IPBR) in posterior teeth. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted human third upper molars were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10 each): Group A, butt joint overlay-type restorations with proximal box (height-to-depth ratio 1:2-1:3); Group B, proximal box with height-to-depth ratio 1:1; and Group C, flat bevel preparation as control. Specimens underwent standardized preparation: immediate dentin sealing, restoration with overlays, and cementation with Panavia V5 adhesive resin cement. Mechanical measurements were performed to assess the tensile bond strength 48 h post-cementation using a universal testing machine. Finite element analysis (FEA) was also carried out to evaluate stress distribution at the adhesive interface. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with the Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: Group A exhibited significantly higher bond strength values (403.7 ± 37.5 N) compared with Group B (340.4 ± 32.7 N; p < 0.01) and Group C (324.8 ± 33.3 N; p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between Groups B and C. FEA corroborated the experimental findings, showing more homogeneous stress distribution for Group A and higher stress concentrations in Groups B and C. Conclusions: Proximal box design significantly affects the primary stability and bond strength of IPBR in vitro. A deeper proximal box with favourable geometric features enhances adhesive performance and stress distribution. Within the limitations of this study, these findings suggest potential clinical benefits, although further in vivo studies under dynamic conditions are needed to confirm long-term restoration performance.
SN - 1010-660X
SN - 1648-9144
ER -