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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCBioImpacts : BI

Saponin conjugation improves p-CRISPR delivery by polyethylenimine modified carbon dots.

  • Ali Hamad Abd Kelkawi1,2
  • Seyede Mahtab Kamrani Mousavi3,4,5
  • Akbar Hasanzadeh3,4,5
  • Sara Saeedi3,4,5
  • Behjat Kheiri Yeganeh Azar6,7
  • Babak Kamali3,4,5
  • Seyyed Emad Hooshmand3,4,5
  • Mohadese Rastgoo Korande5
  • Michael R Hamblin8
  • Jawdat N Gaaib9,10
  • Mahdi Karimi3,4,5,11,10,12
12 affiliations
  1. 1College of Nursing, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq.
  2. 2Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, Iraq.
  3. 3Cellular and molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  4. 4Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  5. 5Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  6. 6Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  7. 7Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  8. 8Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
  9. 9Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.
  10. 10University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq.
  11. 11Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  12. 12Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract

Introduction

Non-toxic and efficient delivery platforms are important for gene editing applications. In this report, the preparation of saponin-conjugated low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI1.8kDa) modified carbon dots (CD-PEI-Sap) is described.Methods

Polyethyleneimine modified carbon dots (CD-PEI1.8kDa), were synthesized by one-step microwave-mediated pyrolysis of citric acid (CA) and PEI1.8kDa to produce non-toxic fluorescent particles. When saponin was added at this stage followed by microwave treatment a completely clear solution of CD-PEI-Sap was produced.Results

These 80 nm nanoparticle vectors not only transfected green fluorescent protein plasmid (p-GFP) (3 kb) with 60% expression in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells, and>60% in hard to transfect human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7), but could also transfect a large clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat plasmid (p-CRISPR) with 5-fold higher efficiency (50%) than the gold standard reagent, branched PEI MWt 25 kDa (PEI25kDa). Moreover, the CD-PEI-Sap system produced good transfection with a low concentration of p-CRISPR and in the presence of 30% fetal bovine serum (FBS).Conclusion

This system demonstrated efficient transfection and serum resistance, making it a promising tool for future gene editing research.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kelkawi2026saponin,
  title = {{Saponin conjugation improves p-CRISPR delivery by polyethylenimine modified carbon dots.}},
  author = {Ali Hamad Abd Kelkawi and Seyede Mahtab Kamrani Mousavi and Akbar Hasanzadeh and Sara Saeedi and Behjat Kheiri Yeganeh Azar and Babak Kamali and Seyyed Emad Hooshmand and Mohadese Rastgoo Korande and Michael R Hamblin and Jawdat N Gaaib and Mahdi Karimi},
  journal = {BioImpacts : BI},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.34172/bi.33272},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898378},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Saponin conjugation improves p-CRISPR delivery by polyethylenimine modified carbon dots.
AU  - Ali Hamad Abd Kelkawi
AU  - Seyede Mahtab Kamrani Mousavi
AU  - Akbar Hasanzadeh
AU  - Sara Saeedi
AU  - Behjat Kheiri Yeganeh Azar
AU  - Babak Kamali
AU  - Seyyed Emad Hooshmand
AU  - Mohadese Rastgoo Korande
AU  - Michael R Hamblin
AU  - Jawdat N Gaaib
AU  - Mahdi Karimi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/19
JO  - BioImpacts : BI
DO  - 10.34172/bi.33272
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898378
AB  - Introduction  Non-toxic and efficient delivery platforms are important for gene editing applications. In this report, the preparation of saponin-conjugated low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI1.8kDa) modified carbon dots (CD-PEI-Sap) is described.Methods  Polyethyleneimine modified carbon dots (CD-PEI1.8kDa), were synthesized by one-step microwave-mediated pyrolysis of citric acid (CA) and PEI1.8kDa to produce non-toxic fluorescent particles. When saponin was added at this stage followed by microwave treatment a completely clear solution of CD-PEI-Sap was produced.Results  These 80 nm nanoparticle vectors not only transfected green fluorescent protein plasmid (p-GFP) (3 kb) with 60% expression in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells, and>60% in hard to transfect human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7), but could also transfect a large clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat plasmid (p-CRISPR) with 5-fold higher efficiency (50%) than the gold standard reagent, branched PEI MWt 25 kDa (PEI25kDa). Moreover, the CD-PEI-Sap system produced good transfection with a low concentration of p-CRISPR and in the presence of 30% fetal bovine serum (FBS).Conclusion  This system demonstrated efficient transfection and serum resistance, making it a promising tool for future gene editing research.
SN  - 2228-5652
SN  - 2228-5660
ER  -