Density and Current Fluctuations for Run-and-Tumble Particles With and Without Interactions
Abstract
We study density and current fluctuations in a one-dimensional gas of run-and-tumble particles (RTPs), whose intrinsic velocities switch between two opposite values at a constant rate. We consider particles with and without pair interactions, including regularized Riesz gases, and also obtain corresponding results for Brownian particles. By linearizing the Dean-Kawasaki (DK) equations around a homogeneous stationary state, we compute density correlations and the variance of the integrated current through the origin. For repulsive Riesz interactions decaying as 1/|x|s with s>0, this variance grows at long times as t1/2 for s>1, but as ts/(1+s) for 0<s<1. Starting from the same DK description, but retaining the Poisson statistics of direction reversals, we derive a macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) for RTPs with smooth pair interaction potential, which allows to compute the large time large deviation of the time integrated current. We show that, in the absence of interactions, the MFT saddle point equations can be solved explicitly using a generalized Cole-Hopf transform. This allows to recover and generalize previous results for the current distribution obtained by microscopic calculations, for RTPs with annealed or quenched step initial conditions. Beyond these distributions, MFT allows to compute the optimal density histories producing a prescribed current through the origin. We find that these density profiles, for both RTPs and Brownian particles, exhibit a nontrivial space-time structure. We also study stationary current fluctuations on an interval connected to reservoirs. Finally, we analyze the MFT equations perturbatively in the interaction. In both the infinite-line and reservoir geometries, we obtain explicit first-order corrections to the current generating functions for short-range interacting RTPs and Brownian particles.
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BibTeX
@misc{touzo2026density,
title = {{Density and Current Fluctuations for Run-and-Tumble Particles With and Without Interactions}},
author = {Léo Touzo and Gregory Schehr and Pierre Le Doussal},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.03187},
eprint = {2611.03187},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03187},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Density and Current Fluctuations for Run-and-Tumble Particles With and Without Interactions
AU - Léo Touzo
AU - Gregory Schehr
AU - Pierre Le Doussal
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.03187
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03187
AB - We study density and current fluctuations in a one-dimensional gas of run-and-tumble particles (RTPs), whose intrinsic velocities switch between two opposite values at a constant rate. We consider particles with and without pair interactions, including regularized Riesz gases, and also obtain corresponding results for Brownian particles. By linearizing the Dean-Kawasaki (DK) equations around a homogeneous stationary state, we compute density correlations and the variance of the integrated current through the origin. For repulsive Riesz interactions decaying as 1/|x|^s with s>0, this variance grows at long times as t^1/2 for s>1, but as t^s/(1+s) for 0<s<1. Starting from the same DK description, but retaining the Poisson statistics of direction reversals, we derive a macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) for RTPs with smooth pair interaction potential, which allows to compute the large time large deviation of the time integrated current. We show that, in the absence of interactions, the MFT saddle point equations can be solved explicitly using a generalized Cole-Hopf transform. This allows to recover and generalize previous results for the current distribution obtained by microscopic calculations, for RTPs with annealed or quenched step initial conditions. Beyond these distributions, MFT allows to compute the optimal density histories producing a prescribed current through the origin. We find that these density profiles, for both RTPs and Brownian particles, exhibit a nontrivial space-time structure. We also study stationary current fluctuations on an interval connected to reservoirs. Finally, we analyze the MFT equations perturbatively in the interaction. In both the infinite-line and reservoir geometries, we obtain explicit first-order corrections to the current generating functions for short-range interacting RTPs and Brownian particles.
ER -