Nonthermal coalescence parameter of light nuclei production in pp collisions at LHC energies
Abstract
We study the light nucleus production in pp collisions at √s=7 and $13$~TeV reported by the ALICE Collaboration within the color string fragmentation framework. We adopt the Schwinger mechanism with string tension fluctuations as the particle production mechanism describing the pT spectrum. The approximately thermal behavior observed in the light-nucleus spectra motivates the use of a perturbative series expansion of the q-Gaussian string tension fluctuations around q=1. The resulting pT spectrum is expressed as a perturbative series expansion around the thermal distribution with nonthermal corrections given by Gamma distributions, providing closed forms for the effective temperature, moments, and cumulants. In the superstatistical framework, the associated temperature fluctuations show that the medium in which light nuclei are produced is out of equilibrium. Additionally, we derive closed formulas for the coalescence parameter at arbitrary order, which agree well with experimental data. Our results also show that the mass--temperature relation (TN/mN ≈ ATA/mA) between the nucleons and nuclei is not preserved in the coalescence process.
Related
- Light anti-nuclei in pp collisions at the LHC: production by coalescence and interaction of anti-nucleons
- Light (anti)nuclei production via coalescence in electron-proton collisions: from HERA to EIC
- Charmonium production in p+A collisions at SPS and FAIR energies
- Comparision of modeling of prompt photon production in proton-proton collisions at energies NICA √s =10 GeV in PYTHIA and calculations using FeynCalc
- Radiative corrections to the subprocess of annihilation of quark-antiquark pair of prompt photon production in proton-proton collisions at NICA energies √(s)= 10 GeV
BibTeX
@misc{ruiz2026nonthermal,
title = {{Nonthermal coalescence parameter of light nuclei production in pp collisions at LHC energies}},
author = {M. Y. Gallegos Ruiz and D. Rosales Herrera and A. Fernández Téllez and J. R. Alvarado García and J. E. Ramírez},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41208},
eprint = {2610.41208},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41208},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Nonthermal coalescence parameter of light nuclei production in pp collisions at LHC energies
AU - M. Y. Gallegos Ruiz
AU - D. Rosales Herrera
AU - A. Fernández Téllez
AU - J. R. Alvarado García
AU - J. E. Ramírez
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41208
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41208
AB - We study the light nucleus production in pp collisions at √s=7 and $13$~TeV reported by the ALICE Collaboration within the color string fragmentation framework. We adopt the Schwinger mechanism with string tension fluctuations as the particle production mechanism describing the p_T spectrum. The approximately thermal behavior observed in the light-nucleus spectra motivates the use of a perturbative series expansion of the q-Gaussian string tension fluctuations around q=1. The resulting p_T spectrum is expressed as a perturbative series expansion around the thermal distribution with nonthermal corrections given by Gamma distributions, providing closed forms for the effective temperature, moments, and cumulants. In the superstatistical framework, the associated temperature fluctuations show that the medium in which light nuclei are produced is out of equilibrium. Additionally, we derive closed formulas for the coalescence parameter at arbitrary order, which agree well with experimental data. Our results also show that the mass--temperature relation (T_N/m_N ≈ AT_A/m_A) between the nucleons and nuclei is not preserved in the coalescence process.
ER -