Energy-momentum-squared gravity: charged quark star solutions with unified interacting matter
Abstract
We investigate the equilibrium structure of electrically charged quark stars within the framework of energy-momentum-squared gravity (EMSG), adopting a unified interacting quark-matter equation of state that incorporates perturbative QCD corrections, color superconductivity, and finite-strange-quark-mass effects. By solving the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations over a broad range of EMSG coupling strengths and interaction parameters, we show that the inclusion of electric charge substantially increases both the maximum mass and radius compared with neutral configurations. For strong negative couplings and pronounced interaction strengths, the resulting stellar models reach masses close to 3,M⊙ with compactness ratios of order $0.34$, placing them within the mass range inferred for the secondary component of GW190814, whose nature remains observationally undetermined. The presence of charge reduces the central density at maximum mass by approximately $10−−15\%$ while maintaining full compliance with causality requirements. Furthermore, comparisons with observational constraints from PSR J1614−2230, J0348+0432, J0740+6620, J0952−0607, and recent NICER radius measurements indicate that charged EMSG configurations remain consistent with current astrophysical bounds over a wide parameter space. These results demonstrate that a moderate electric charge, when combined with nonlinear matter-geometry coupling, can support quark stars that are significantly more massive than those predicted in general relativity, underscoring the potential observational relevance of charged compact objects in modified gravity and multimessenger astrophysics.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{banerjee2026energymomentumsquared,
title = {{Energy-momentum-squared gravity: charged quark star solutions with unified interacting matter}},
author = {Ayan Banerjee and Bobur Turimov and Javlon Rayimbaev and Faisal Javed and Gulnoza Palvanova and Sulton Usanov},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.23014},
eprint = {2609.23014},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23014},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Energy-momentum-squared gravity: charged quark star solutions with unified interacting matter
AU - Ayan Banerjee
AU - Bobur Turimov
AU - Javlon Rayimbaev
AU - Faisal Javed
AU - Gulnoza Palvanova
AU - Sulton Usanov
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/19
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.23014
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23014
AB - We investigate the equilibrium structure of electrically charged quark stars within the framework of energy-momentum-squared gravity (EMSG), adopting a unified interacting quark-matter equation of state that incorporates perturbative QCD corrections, color superconductivity, and finite-strange-quark-mass effects. By solving the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations over a broad range of EMSG coupling strengths and interaction parameters, we show that the inclusion of electric charge substantially increases both the maximum mass and radius compared with neutral configurations. For strong negative couplings and pronounced interaction strengths, the resulting stellar models reach masses close to 3,M_⊙ with compactness ratios of order $0.34$, placing them within the mass range inferred for the secondary component of GW190814, whose nature remains observationally undetermined. The presence of charge reduces the central density at maximum mass by approximately $10−−15\%$ while maintaining full compliance with causality requirements. Furthermore, comparisons with observational constraints from PSR J1614−2230, J0348+0432, J0740+6620, J0952−0607, and recent NICER radius measurements indicate that charged EMSG configurations remain consistent with current astrophysical bounds over a wide parameter space. These results demonstrate that a moderate electric charge, when combined with nonlinear matter-geometry coupling, can support quark stars that are significantly more massive than those predicted in general relativity, underscoring the potential observational relevance of charged compact objects in modified gravity and multimessenger astrophysics.
ER -