Self lensing in BH-NS binaries as progenitors for periodically repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright extragalactic transients whose origin remains uncertain. The discovery of repeating FRBs, some with cyclic activity windows, opens new prospects for testing their progenitors. Neutron stars (NSs) are strong candidates, as they naturally emit radio pulses with temporal and spectral properties resembling those of FRBs, an interpretation reinforced by the detection of an FRB-like burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154. Nevertheless, the pulse energy of typical radio-emitting NSs remains several orders of magnitude below that of even the faintest observed FRBs. We explore a binary system in which a NS orbits a black hole (BH), so that NS radio pulses are gravitationally amplified through self-lensing, producing characteristic signatures in the energy distribution, activity windows, and waiting times that can be contrasted with observations. We implement a simple NS-BH binary model with a circular orbit undergoing Lense-Thirring precession, and compute how the pulses are lensed along the orbit, including pulse splitting and time delays. Pure Keplerian orbits produce activity windows several orders of magnitude shorter than those of periodic FRBs. Post-Keplerian orbits with Lense-Thirring precession are more promising, yielding windows of a few to tens of days. Lensing transforms an intrinsic log-normal NS pulse-energy distribution, producing a high-energy power-law tail spanning up to four orders of magnitude. Interpreting the observed millisecond waiting times between consecutive bursts as lensing-induced image delays, we infer BH masses of 10^3-10^4 solar masses, in the intermediate-mass (IMBH) range. However, the amplification in our model is insufficient to bridge the energy gap between Galactic magnetar radio pulses and FRBs. Moreover, the non-detection of NS-IMBH systems suggests a low abundance, so this channel is likely rare.
Related
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- Constraints on Axion-like Dark Matter from Cosmic Birefringence with a Polarization Array of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
BibTeX
@misc{rodriguez2026self,
title = {{Self lensing in BH-NS binaries as progenitors for periodically repeating Fast Radio Bursts}},
author = {L. E. Rodríguez and M. Cruces and G. Voisin and J. Vera-Casanova and C. A. Braga},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.37052},
eprint = {2610.37052},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37052},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Self lensing in BH-NS binaries as progenitors for periodically repeating Fast Radio Bursts
AU - L. E. Rodríguez
AU - M. Cruces
AU - G. Voisin
AU - J. Vera-Casanova
AU - C. A. Braga
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/27
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.37052
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37052
AB - Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright extragalactic transients whose origin remains uncertain. The discovery of repeating FRBs, some with cyclic activity windows, opens new prospects for testing their progenitors. Neutron stars (NSs) are strong candidates, as they naturally emit radio pulses with temporal and spectral properties resembling those of FRBs, an interpretation reinforced by the detection of an FRB-like burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154. Nevertheless, the pulse energy of typical radio-emitting NSs remains several orders of magnitude below that of even the faintest observed FRBs. We explore a binary system in which a NS orbits a black hole (BH), so that NS radio pulses are gravitationally amplified through self-lensing, producing characteristic signatures in the energy distribution, activity windows, and waiting times that can be contrasted with observations. We implement a simple NS-BH binary model with a circular orbit undergoing Lense-Thirring precession, and compute how the pulses are lensed along the orbit, including pulse splitting and time delays. Pure Keplerian orbits produce activity windows several orders of magnitude shorter than those of periodic FRBs. Post-Keplerian orbits with Lense-Thirring precession are more promising, yielding windows of a few to tens of days. Lensing transforms an intrinsic log-normal NS pulse-energy distribution, producing a high-energy power-law tail spanning up to four orders of magnitude. Interpreting the observed millisecond waiting times between consecutive bursts as lensing-induced image delays, we infer BH masses of 10^3-10^4 solar masses, in the intermediate-mass (IMBH) range. However, the amplification in our model is insufficient to bridge the energy gap between Galactic magnetar radio pulses and FRBs. Moreover, the non-detection of NS-IMBH systems suggests a low abundance, so this channel is likely rare.
ER -