Quantum steering in networks: Measurement-device-independent detection, continuous variables, and practical Gaussian schemes
Abstract
We consider quantum steering certification in multipartite networks, with a focus on minimal trust scenarios: all-except-one parties are untrusted and treated device-independently. We show that it is always possible to lift steering certification to the measurement-device-independent regime, in which even the (last) trusted party can treat their local hardware as a black-box, except for a set of fiduciary quantum states used as the inputs to the experiment. This holds both for finite-dimensional systems as well as for bosonic continuous-variable systems, which we characterize in terms of semi-quantum games in the bipartite case. Additionally, we introduce measurement-device-independent network steering protocols based entirely on Gaussian operations -- which cannot be used for fully device-independent protocols, and thus become instead a viable option for minimal trust certification as soon as a single trusted input is inserted in the network. Our results present a basis for steering-based applications (such as randomness generation) with minimal trust beyond full nonlocality and with feasible experimental requirements.
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BibTeX
@misc{hu2026quantum,
title = {{Quantum steering in networks: Measurement-device-independent detection, continuous variables, and practical Gaussian schemes}},
author = {Shao-Hua Hu and Chung-Yun Hsieh and Huan-Yu Ku and Ray-Kuang Lee and Paolo Abiuso},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2606.25690},
eprint = {2606.25690},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25690},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quantum steering in networks: Measurement-device-independent detection, continuous variables, and practical Gaussian schemes
AU - Shao-Hua Hu
AU - Chung-Yun Hsieh
AU - Huan-Yu Ku
AU - Ray-Kuang Lee
AU - Paolo Abiuso
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2606.25690
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25690
AB - We consider quantum steering certification in multipartite networks, with a focus on minimal trust scenarios: all-except-one parties are untrusted and treated device-independently. We show that it is always possible to lift steering certification to the measurement-device-independent regime, in which even the (last) trusted party can treat their local hardware as a black-box, except for a set of fiduciary quantum states used as the inputs to the experiment. This holds both for finite-dimensional systems as well as for bosonic continuous-variable systems, which we characterize in terms of semi-quantum games in the bipartite case. Additionally, we introduce measurement-device-independent network steering protocols based entirely on Gaussian operations -- which cannot be used for fully device-independent protocols, and thus become instead a viable option for minimal trust certification as soon as a single trusted input is inserted in the network. Our results present a basis for steering-based applications (such as randomness generation) with minimal trust beyond full nonlocality and with feasible experimental requirements.
ER -