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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDInternal Medicine

Severe Aplastic Anemia Following Thymectomy for Thymoma: A Case Suggesting Perturbation of the Adaptive Immune Repertoire

  • Yusuke Yamaga
  • Shoichiro Okazaki
  • Takahiro Nishiyama
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Abstract

Aplastic anemia (AA) is an immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndrome. We report a case of severe AA that developed shortly after thymectomy for thymoma. The patient demonstrated monoclonal T-cell receptor β-chain rearrangement and skewed B-cell light-chain expression without evidence of hematologic malignancy. Triple immunosuppressive therapy with horse anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporine, and eltrombopag induced rapid hematologic recovery and sustained treatment-free remission. This case expands the clinical spectrum of thymoma-associated aplastic anemia and highlights the importance of recognizing severe AA as a potential complication after thymectomy.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yamaga2026severe,
  title = {{Severe Aplastic Anemia Following Thymectomy for Thymoma: A Case Suggesting Perturbation of the Adaptive Immune Repertoire}},
  author = {Yusuke Yamaga and Shoichiro Okazaki and Takahiro Nishiyama},
  journal = {Internal Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.2169/internalmedicine.7913-26},
  url = {https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/advpub/0/advpub_7913-26/_article},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Severe Aplastic Anemia Following Thymectomy for Thymoma: A Case Suggesting Perturbation of the Adaptive Immune Repertoire
AU  - Yusuke Yamaga
AU  - Shoichiro Okazaki
AU  - Takahiro Nishiyama
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/29
JO  - Internal Medicine
DO  - 10.2169/internalmedicine.7913-26
UR  - https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/advpub/0/advpub_7913-26/_article
AB  - Aplastic anemia (AA) is an immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndrome. We report a case of severe AA that developed shortly after thymectomy for thymoma. The patient demonstrated monoclonal T-cell receptor β-chain rearrangement and skewed B-cell light-chain expression without evidence of hematologic malignancy. Triple immunosuppressive therapy with horse anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporine, and eltrombopag induced rapid hematologic recovery and sustained treatment-free remission. This case expands the clinical spectrum of thymoma-associated aplastic anemia and highlights the importance of recognizing severe AA as a potential complication after thymectomy.
SN  - 1349-7235
SN  - 0918-2918
ER  -