Recovery of Citric Acid from Fermentation Broth Using Supported Ionic Liquids
- 1Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , , ,
- 2University of Aveiro , , ,
Abstract
Citric acid is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. However, the recovery of bioproduced citric acid from fermentation broths typically involves purification steps that generate substantial waste. This work proposes an alternative recovery strategy based on the selective adsorption of citric acid using supported ionic liquids (SILs). Two SILs were prepared by immobilizing the IL ligands diethylpropylethanolammonium chloride ([Si][N3222OH]Cl) and 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Si][C3C1Im]Cl) onto a solid silica support. The materials were characterized by 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and determination of the specific surface area (SBET). Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of contact time, initial citric acid concentration, temperature, and pH. Adsorption kinetics were analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Boyd models, while equilibrium data were interpreted using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption kinetics, whereas the Freundlich model provided the best fit for the equilibrium data. Maximum adsorption capacities of 577 and 793 mg·g–1 were obtained for [Si][N3222OH]Cl and [Si][C3C1Im]Cl, respectively. Reusability of the SILs was also assessed through successive adsorption–desorption cycles. The SILs enabled a citric acid desorption range of 43.8% to 100%. Finally, the materials were applied to the recovery of citric acid directly from a fermentation broth to evaluate their potential for industrial application. Overall, these results highlight the potential of SILs as promising adsorbent materials for the efficient recovery of citric acid from fermentation broths, paving the way for their widespread use at the industrial scale.
Related
- Alternative synthetic pathways to selected molecular fluorophores present in citric acid-based carbon dots
- Time- and Synthesis-Solvent-Dependent Luminescence of Citric Acid–Urea Carbon Dots and Their Alkylamine-Tunable Interfacial Activity
- Low-Cost, Home Synthesis of Vaterite: A Factorial Study of Calcium Source, Temperature, Citric Acid Modification, and Mixing Intensity
- A Multiscale Assessment of Oil-in-Water, Water-in-Oil, and Bicontinuous Structures in 2-Butanol/Water/Citric Acid surfactant-free microemulsions
- Response Surface Optimization of a Citric Acid Mechanochemical Alginate Extraction from Laminaria digitata for Fiber Production
BibTeX
@article{ferreira2026recovery,
title = {{Recovery of Citric Acid from Fermentation Broth Using Supported Ionic Liquids}},
author = {Rachel de Moraes Ferreira and Márcia C. Neves and Maria Alice Zarur Coelho and Bernardo Dias Ribeiro and Mara G. Freire},
journal = {ACS Omega},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c04343},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c04343/5454634/Recovery-of-Citric-Acid-from-Fermentation-Broth},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Recovery of Citric Acid from Fermentation Broth Using Supported Ionic Liquids
AU - Rachel de Moraes Ferreira
AU - Márcia C. Neves
AU - Maria Alice Zarur Coelho
AU - Bernardo Dias Ribeiro
AU - Mara G. Freire
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/20
JO - ACS Omega
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.6c04343
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c04343/5454634/Recovery-of-Citric-Acid-from-Fermentation-Broth
AB - Citric acid is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. However, the recovery of bioproduced citric acid from fermentation broths typically involves purification steps that generate substantial waste. This work proposes an alternative recovery strategy based on the selective adsorption of citric acid using supported ionic liquids (SILs). Two SILs were prepared by immobilizing the IL ligands diethylpropylethanolammonium chloride ([Si][N3222OH]Cl) and 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Si][C3C1Im]Cl) onto a solid silica support. The materials were characterized by 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and determination of the specific surface area (SBET). Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of contact time, initial citric acid concentration, temperature, and pH. Adsorption kinetics were analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Boyd models, while equilibrium data were interpreted using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption kinetics, whereas the Freundlich model provided the best fit for the equilibrium data. Maximum adsorption capacities of 577 and 793 mg·g–1 were obtained for [Si][N3222OH]Cl and [Si][C3C1Im]Cl, respectively. Reusability of the SILs was also assessed through successive adsorption–desorption cycles. The SILs enabled a citric acid desorption range of 43.8% to 100%. Finally, the materials were applied to the recovery of citric acid directly from a fermentation broth to evaluate their potential for industrial application. Overall, these results highlight the potential of SILs as promising adsorbent materials for the efficient recovery of citric acid from fermentation broths, paving the way for their widespread use at the industrial scale.
SN - 2470-1343
ER -