Benefit take-up in the last year of life: a population-based study using linked data for England and Wales
6 affiliations
- 1Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, UK
- 2National Statistician's Analysis Unit, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
- 3Centre for Research in Social Policy, Loughborough University, UK
- 4Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
- 5Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- 6Independent Benefits Consultant, UK
Abstract
Context: In the UK, and in other countries, people living with a terminal illness are eligible for financial support to help with the costs of serious illness and to support their dignity and independence. This study investigates the take-up of benefits in the last year of life and identifies sociodemographic, clinical, and geographical factors associated with underclaiming. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using linked mortality, Census and benefits data for all people who died aged 16+ from chronic illnesses in England and Wales between 1 May 2018 and 30 April 2021. Outcome was receipt of non-means tested disability benefits in the last 12 months of life. We describe geographical variation in take up, and association with sociodemographic, clinical and geographical exposures using Poisson models. Findings: Our population included 1,049,493 people who died from an expected, non-sudden, cause with an overall take-up rate of 65.9%. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, variation in take-up by cause of death was wide: liver disease 44% (95% CI 43–45%), heart failure 52% (51–52%), cancer 62% (61–62%), dementia 75% (74–75%), and neurodegenerative diseases 90% (88–91%). Across Local Authorities, the age-and-sex-standardised take-up varied from 53% to 78%; rates were generally higher in more deprived areas, but not uniformly. Conclusions: In England and Wales, 1 in 3 people who die from expected causes (120,000 each year) do not receive the benefits for which they are eligible. Our analysis uses novel data linkages and highlights clinical and sociodemographic groups and geographical areas that could be targeted with proactive take-up initiatives.
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BibTeX
@article{davies2026benefit,
title = {{Benefit take-up in the last year of life: a population-based study using linked data for England and Wales}},
author = {Joanna M. Davies and Amie Fairs and Daniel Ayoubkhani and Juliet Stone and Steve Marshall and Melanie Diggle and Andy Bradshaw and Maddy French and Jamilla Hussain and Geoff Fimister and Richard Harding and Katherine E. Sleeman and Vahé Nafiliyan},
journal = {SSM - population health},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.ssmph.2026.101986},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722064},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Benefit take-up in the last year of life: a population-based study using linked data for England and Wales
AU - Joanna M. Davies
AU - Amie Fairs
AU - Daniel Ayoubkhani
AU - Juliet Stone
AU - Steve Marshall
AU - Melanie Diggle
AU - Andy Bradshaw
AU - Maddy French
AU - Jamilla Hussain
AU - Geoff Fimister
AU - Richard Harding
AU - Katherine E. Sleeman
AU - Vahé Nafiliyan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
JO - SSM - population health
DO - 10.1016/j.ssmph.2026.101986
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722064
AB - Context: In the UK, and in other countries, people living with a terminal illness are eligible for financial support to help with the costs of serious illness and to support their dignity and independence. This study investigates the take-up of benefits in the last year of life and identifies sociodemographic, clinical, and geographical factors associated with underclaiming. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using linked mortality, Census and benefits data for all people who died aged 16+ from chronic illnesses in England and Wales between 1 May 2018 and 30 April 2021. Outcome was receipt of non-means tested disability benefits in the last 12 months of life. We describe geographical variation in take up, and association with sociodemographic, clinical and geographical exposures using Poisson models. Findings: Our population included 1,049,493 people who died from an expected, non-sudden, cause with an overall take-up rate of 65.9%. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, variation in take-up by cause of death was wide: liver disease 44% (95% CI 43–45%), heart failure 52% (51–52%), cancer 62% (61–62%), dementia 75% (74–75%), and neurodegenerative diseases 90% (88–91%). Across Local Authorities, the age-and-sex-standardised take-up varied from 53% to 78%; rates were generally higher in more deprived areas, but not uniformly. Conclusions: In England and Wales, 1 in 3 people who die from expected causes (120,000 each year) do not receive the benefits for which they are eligible. Our analysis uses novel data linkages and highlights clinical and sociodemographic groups and geographical areas that could be targeted with proactive take-up initiatives.
SN - 2352-8273
ER -