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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Nutrients

Planetary Health Diet, Obesity and Sleep Quality in Italian Adults

  • Justyna Godos1
  • Giuseppe Caruso2,3
  • Alice Rosi4
  • Maria Antonieta Touriz Bonifaz5,6
  • Francesca Scazzina4
  • Maria Paula Roca-Solano7
  • Florencia Ceriani8
  • Massimiliano Tucci9
  • Daniela Martini9
  • Giuseppe Grosso1
9 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
  2. 2Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
  3. 3IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy
  4. 4Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
  5. 5Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
  6. 6Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, Avenida 10 NO, Guayaquil 090613, Ecuador
  7. 7Escuela de Humanidades, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondon 0901952, Ecuador
  8. 8Nutrition School, Universidad de la Republica (UdelaR), Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
  9. 9Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Sleep and diet have been demonstrated to be interconnected factors playing an important role in human health. However, the relationship between sustainable dietary patterns, sleep, and obesity remains to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the association between adherence to the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) and sleep quality among Italian adults, while also exploring the potential role of weight status in this relationship. Methods: This observational study included 1936 Italian adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and adherence to the PHD was evaluated using a validated index. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between PHD adherence and sleep quality. Results: Among 1936 participants, higher PHDI adherence was associated with greater odds of adequate sleep quality. Compared with the lowest quartile, participants in the highest PHDI quartile had 65% higher odds of adequate sleep quality (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.28); significant associations were also observed for sleep disturbance and self-rated sleep quality, whereas sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep-medication use were not associated with PHDI adherence. Associations were more pronounced among participants with overweight or obesity, in whom the highest quartile was associated with more than twice the odds of adequate sleep quality (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.95). Additional domain-specific associations were observed in this subgroup, whereas no significant association with overall sleep quality was found among normal-weight participants. Conclusions: Greater adherence to the PHD was associated with better overall and self-rated sleep quality among Italian adults, with stronger associations observed among individuals with overweight or obesity. These findings suggest that adherence to a healthy and sustainable dietary pattern may be related to better sleep health, particularly among individuals with excess body weight.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{godos2026planetary,
  title = {{Planetary Health Diet, Obesity and Sleep Quality in Italian Adults}},
  author = {Justyna Godos and Giuseppe Caruso and Alice Rosi and Maria Antonieta Touriz Bonifaz and Francesca Scazzina and Maria Paula Roca-Solano and Florencia Ceriani and Massimiliano Tucci and Daniela Martini and Giuseppe Grosso},
  journal = {Nutrients},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/nu18213586},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3586},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Planetary Health Diet, Obesity and Sleep Quality in Italian Adults
AU  - Justyna Godos
AU  - Giuseppe Caruso
AU  - Alice Rosi
AU  - Maria Antonieta Touriz Bonifaz
AU  - Francesca Scazzina
AU  - Maria Paula Roca-Solano
AU  - Florencia Ceriani
AU  - Massimiliano Tucci
AU  - Daniela Martini
AU  - Giuseppe Grosso
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
JO  - Nutrients
DO  - 10.3390/nu18213586
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3586
AB  - Background/Objectives: Sleep and diet have been demonstrated to be interconnected factors playing an important role in human health. However, the relationship between sustainable dietary patterns, sleep, and obesity remains to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the association between adherence to the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) and sleep quality among Italian adults, while also exploring the potential role of weight status in this relationship. Methods: This observational study included 1936 Italian adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and adherence to the PHD was evaluated using a validated index. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between PHD adherence and sleep quality. Results: Among 1936 participants, higher PHDI adherence was associated with greater odds of adequate sleep quality. Compared with the lowest quartile, participants in the highest PHDI quartile had 65% higher odds of adequate sleep quality (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.28); significant associations were also observed for sleep disturbance and self-rated sleep quality, whereas sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep-medication use were not associated with PHDI adherence. Associations were more pronounced among participants with overweight or obesity, in whom the highest quartile was associated with more than twice the odds of adequate sleep quality (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.95). Additional domain-specific associations were observed in this subgroup, whereas no significant association with overall sleep quality was found among normal-weight participants. Conclusions: Greater adherence to the PHD was associated with better overall and self-rated sleep quality among Italian adults, with stronger associations observed among individuals with overweight or obesity. These findings suggest that adherence to a healthy and sustainable dietary pattern may be related to better sleep health, particularly among individuals with excess body weight.
SN  - 2072-6643
ER  -