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Peer-reviewedCC BYScientific Reports

High Q-factor multiband terahertz metasurface biosensor for biomedical refractive index sensing: a numerical study

  • Abdulrahman Ahmed Ghaleb Amer1
  • Yosef T. Aladadi2
  • Aduwati Sali1
  • Shaiful Jahari Hashim1
  • Ali Ahmed Salem3
  • Zaid Ahmed Shamsan2
  • Muhammad Zamir Mohyedin1
  • A. J. A. Al-Gburi4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Institute for Mathematical Research (INSPEM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  2. 2Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
  3. 3Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
  4. 4Strategic Research Institute (SRI), Asia Pacific University, Taman Teknologi Malaysia
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Abstract

Terahertz (THz) metasurface absorbers have emerged as promising platforms for biomedical sensing due to their high-quality (Q) resonances and strong sensitivity to dielectric variations in biological tissues. Conventional single-band designs are effective only over a narrow frequency range, reducing detection reliability and increasing false positives. This study introduces a polarization-independent multiband metasurface absorber (MSA) with good angular stability for label-free terahertz biosensing applications. The structure features a dual-metallic split-ring resonator with a continuous backside ground plane, arranged in a compact metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) pattern. The proposed absorber exhibits six absorption peaks with near-unity (> 98%) absorption at 1.80, 2.89, 4.65, 4.84, 5.12, and 5.84 THz. Furthermore, a Q-factor of 177, along with narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values, ensures exceptional spectral selectivity. The sensor exhibits sensitivities of up to 2.92 THz/RIU and 8 THz/RIU for refractive index ranges corresponding to reported cancer- and malaria-related biological samples, respectively. The resonances enhance light–matter interactions and improve refractive-index sensing performance through stronger electromagnetic field confinement. The proposed design provides a simple, high-Q, multiband platform for THz biosensing applications and is compatible with future microfluidic integration.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{amer2026high,
  title = {{High Q-factor multiband terahertz metasurface biosensor for biomedical refractive index sensing: a numerical study}},
  author = {Abdulrahman Ahmed Ghaleb Amer and Yosef T. Aladadi and Aduwati Sali and Shaiful Jahari Hashim and Ali Ahmed Salem and Zaid Ahmed Shamsan and Muhammad Zamir Mohyedin and A. J. A. Al-Gburi},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-62405-6},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62405-6},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - High Q-factor multiband terahertz metasurface biosensor for biomedical refractive index sensing: a numerical study
AU  - Abdulrahman Ahmed Ghaleb Amer
AU  - Yosef T. Aladadi
AU  - Aduwati Sali
AU  - Shaiful Jahari Hashim
AU  - Ali Ahmed Salem
AU  - Zaid Ahmed Shamsan
AU  - Muhammad Zamir Mohyedin
AU  - A. J. A. Al-Gburi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/01
JO  - Scientific Reports
DO  - 10.1038/s41598-026-62405-6
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62405-6
AB  - Terahertz (THz) metasurface absorbers have emerged as promising platforms for biomedical sensing due to their high-quality (Q) resonances and strong sensitivity to dielectric variations in biological tissues. Conventional single-band designs are effective only over a narrow frequency range, reducing detection reliability and increasing false positives. This study introduces a polarization-independent multiband metasurface absorber (MSA) with good angular stability for label-free terahertz biosensing applications. The structure features a dual-metallic split-ring resonator with a continuous backside ground plane, arranged in a compact metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) pattern. The proposed absorber exhibits six absorption peaks with near-unity (> 98%) absorption at 1.80, 2.89, 4.65, 4.84, 5.12, and 5.84 THz. Furthermore, a Q-factor of 177, along with narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values, ensures exceptional spectral selectivity. The sensor exhibits sensitivities of up to 2.92 THz/RIU and 8 THz/RIU for refractive index ranges corresponding to reported cancer- and malaria-related biological samples, respectively. The resonances enhance light–matter interactions and improve refractive-index sensing performance through stronger electromagnetic field confinement. The proposed design provides a simple, high-Q, multiband platform for THz biosensing applications and is compatible with future microfluidic integration.
SN  - 2045-2322
ER  -