Quasispecies relocate rather than drift: hierarchical genotype networks track viral adaptation
Abstract
Viral populations are ensembles of mutationally related genotypes that explore sequence space locally. Their genotype networks are hierarchical: abundance decays with mutational distance from the most abundant genotype (the root) and degree distributions are heavy-tailed. How this architecture responds to selective challenges remains unclear. We combine simulations of sequence populations on NK fitness landscapes with longitudinal hepatitis B virus (HBV) deep-sequencing data from chronically infected patients under treatment. Quasispecies structure is rapidly rebuilt around the current root, while root replacement is occasional, when a fitter variant is found. Adaptation unfolds on two timescales: fast, local reorganisation and slow, stochastic relocation. HBV populations of patients not responding to therapy show stasis. Meanwhile, responders show either near-complete replacement by a new root, or transient excursions followed by return to the original root. These patterns resemble the stasis and relocation regimes found in simulations. Our results suggest that genotype network organization and dynamics under selective pressure present generic features of molecular adaptation, with a potentially informative clinical readout.
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BibTeX
@misc{atienzadiez2026quasispecies,
title = {{Quasispecies relocate rather than drift: hierarchical genotype networks track viral adaptation}},
author = {Iker Atienza-Diez and Samuel Mart\'ınez-Alcalá and Luis F. Seoane and Susanna Manrubia},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.10346},
eprint = {2611.10346},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.10346},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quasispecies relocate rather than drift: hierarchical genotype networks track viral adaptation
AU - Iker Atienza-Diez
AU - Samuel Mart\'ınez-Alcalá
AU - Luis F. Seoane
AU - Susanna Manrubia
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.10346
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.10346
AB - Viral populations are ensembles of mutationally related genotypes that explore sequence space locally. Their genotype networks are hierarchical: abundance decays with mutational distance from the most abundant genotype (the root) and degree distributions are heavy-tailed. How this architecture responds to selective challenges remains unclear. We combine simulations of sequence populations on NK fitness landscapes with longitudinal hepatitis B virus (HBV) deep-sequencing data from chronically infected patients under treatment. Quasispecies structure is rapidly rebuilt around the current root, while root replacement is occasional, when a fitter variant is found. Adaptation unfolds on two timescales: fast, local reorganisation and slow, stochastic relocation. HBV populations of patients not responding to therapy show stasis. Meanwhile, responders show either near-complete replacement by a new root, or transient excursions followed by return to the original root. These patterns resemble the stasis and relocation regimes found in simulations. Our results suggest that genotype network organization and dynamics under selective pressure present generic features of molecular adaptation, with a potentially informative clinical readout.
ER -