Galaxy Clustering Can Reveal Host-Galaxy Properties of Binary Black Hole Mergers

Abstract

Galaxy clustering encodes information about the host galaxies of binary black hole (BBH) mergers even when individual hosts remain unidentified, because the distribution of neighboring galaxies depends statistically on the host-galaxy population. We construct event-level host-type likelihoods from host-conditioned galaxy-count distributions within gravitational-wave localization regions and combine them to infer the fractions of BBH mergers hosted by different galaxy populations. The framework applies to common and rare galaxy populations without prescribing formation efficiencies or merger delay-time distributions. Using measured star-forming and quenched galaxy clustering, idealized one-year forecasts assuming all mergers occur in quenched galaxies yield median one-sided 90% lower credible limits of 0.19, 0.48, and 0.92 on the quenched-host fraction for O5, post-O5, and third-generation networks. These forecasts illustrate the potential for host-galaxy population inference before the third-generation detector era.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{watarai2026galaxy,
  title = {{Galaxy Clustering Can Reveal Host-Galaxy Properties of Binary Black Hole Mergers}},
  author = {Daiki Watarai and Hayato Imafuku and Fumihiro Chuman},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.11045},
  eprint = {2610.11045},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11045},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Galaxy Clustering Can Reveal Host-Galaxy Properties of Binary Black Hole Mergers
AU  - Daiki Watarai
AU  - Hayato Imafuku
AU  - Fumihiro Chuman
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.11045
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11045
AB  - Galaxy clustering encodes information about the host galaxies of binary black hole (BBH) mergers even when individual hosts remain unidentified, because the distribution of neighboring galaxies depends statistically on the host-galaxy population. We construct event-level host-type likelihoods from host-conditioned galaxy-count distributions within gravitational-wave localization regions and combine them to infer the fractions of BBH mergers hosted by different galaxy populations. The framework applies to common and rare galaxy populations without prescribing formation efficiencies or merger delay-time distributions. Using measured star-forming and quenched galaxy clustering, idealized one-year forecasts assuming all mergers occur in quenched galaxies yield median one-sided 90% lower credible limits of 0.19, 0.48, and 0.92 on the quenched-host fraction for O5, post-O5, and third-generation networks. These forecasts illustrate the potential for host-galaxy population inference before the third-generation detector era.
ER  -

Abstract

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