Electrons with Anomalous Energy Generated in Vacuum Diodes with Different Pulse Duration
Abstract
This paper presents results from an experimental study in which anomalous energy electrons (AEE) appear in vacuum diodes under varying amplitude and pulse-duration conditions. AEE refer to high-energy discharge electrons with kinetic energy T exceeding eU values (where e is the electron charge and U is the amplitude gap voltage). Here, two experimental setups were used to generate electron beams with different pulse durations. The electron energy spectra were reconstructed from the beam attenuation curves using an AI-driven methodology for solving an ill-posed inverse problem for the Fredholm equation. This confirms that vacuum diodes generate electron beams with a significant AEE fraction (up to 25~\%) only when operating with nanosecond-long voltage pulses. It has been confirmed that AEE in vacuum is generated using nanosecond- or sub-nanosecond voltage pulses. Experiments also indicate that photoelectric absorption of bremsstrahlung cannot produce significant AEE in vacuum discharges.
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BibTeX
@misc{kozhevnikov2026electrons,
title = {{Electrons with Anomalous Energy Generated in Vacuum Diodes with Different Pulse Duration}},
author = {Vasily Kozhevnikov and Victor Tarasenko and Maxim Vorobyov and Evgenii Baksht and Andrey Kozyrev},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.34350},
eprint = {2609.34350},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34350},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Electrons with Anomalous Energy Generated in Vacuum Diodes with Different Pulse Duration
AU - Vasily Kozhevnikov
AU - Victor Tarasenko
AU - Maxim Vorobyov
AU - Evgenii Baksht
AU - Andrey Kozyrev
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.34350
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34350
AB - This paper presents results from an experimental study in which anomalous energy electrons (AEE) appear in vacuum diodes under varying amplitude and pulse-duration conditions. AEE refer to high-energy discharge electrons with kinetic energy T exceeding eU values (where e is the electron charge and U is the amplitude gap voltage). Here, two experimental setups were used to generate electron beams with different pulse durations. The electron energy spectra were reconstructed from the beam attenuation curves using an AI-driven methodology for solving an ill-posed inverse problem for the Fredholm equation. This confirms that vacuum diodes generate electron beams with a significant AEE fraction (up to 25~\%) only when operating with nanosecond-long voltage pulses. It has been confirmed that AEE in vacuum is generated using nanosecond- or sub-nanosecond voltage pulses. Experiments also indicate that photoelectric absorption of bremsstrahlung cannot produce significant AEE in vacuum discharges.
ER -