Sex-Specific Prevalence and Distribution of Electrocardiographic Variants in Healthy Vietnamese Freshmen.
7 affiliations
- 1Emergency Department, Phenikaa University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 2College of Medicine, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 3Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Vinmec Central Park International Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 4Outpatient Cardiology Department, Vinmec International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 5Department of Nephrology, People's 115 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- 6College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 7Cardiac Surgical Intensive Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Abstract
Background
Data on ECG characteristics and qualitative ECG variants in healthy young Vietnamese adults remain limited. We evaluated sex-specific ECG differences and factors independently associated with common ECG variants in first-year Vietnamese university students.Methods
This cross-sectional study included 6099 healthy students (3440 female [56.4%], 2659 male [43.6%]; mean age, 17.85 ± 0.65 years) undergoing standardized cardiovascular screening. Resting 12-lead ECGs were analyzed for quantitative parameters and qualitative variants.Results
All four core ECG parameters differed by sex (all p < 0.001). Females had higher heart rates (84.64 vs. 81.55 bpm) and longer QTc intervals (423.54 vs. 406.46 ms), whereas males had longer PR intervals (141.99 vs. 138.99 ms) and wider QRS complexes (91.44 vs. 80.81 ms). Males had higher prevalences of sinus arrhythmia (22.7% vs. 19.2%), early repolarization pattern (6.1% vs. 0.1%), right bundle branch block (4.4% vs. 0.3%), and sinus bradycardia (4.5% vs. 1.3%; all p < 0.001). Male sex was independently associated with early repolarization pattern (aOR, 37.7; 95% CI, 17.2-107) and right bundle branch block (aOR, 13.1; 95% CI, 7.55-25.2; both p < 0.001), but not sinus arrhythmia (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84-1.21; p = 0.896).Conclusions
ECG parameters and several qualitative variants differed by sex. These findings provide descriptive, population-specific data on ECG characteristics and common qualitative variants in healthy young Vietnamese university students.
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BibTeX
@article{ngoc2026sexspecific,
title = {{Sex-Specific Prevalence and Distribution of Electrocardiographic Variants in Healthy Vietnamese Freshmen.}},
author = {Thang Nguyen Ngoc and Quyet Nguyen Minh and An Bui Thi Thu and Thang Vu Tien and Soan Hoang Thu and Cuong Duong Cao and Vy Nguyen Hoai and Cong Nguyen Thanh and Binh Tran Van and Anh Dinh The},
journal = {Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1111/anec.70247},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908956},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Sex-Specific Prevalence and Distribution of Electrocardiographic Variants in Healthy Vietnamese Freshmen.
AU - Thang Nguyen Ngoc
AU - Quyet Nguyen Minh
AU - An Bui Thi Thu
AU - Thang Vu Tien
AU - Soan Hoang Thu
AU - Cuong Duong Cao
AU - Vy Nguyen Hoai
AU - Cong Nguyen Thanh
AU - Binh Tran Van
AU - Anh Dinh The
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc
DO - 10.1111/anec.70247
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908956
AB - Background Data on ECG characteristics and qualitative ECG variants in healthy young Vietnamese adults remain limited. We evaluated sex-specific ECG differences and factors independently associated with common ECG variants in first-year Vietnamese university students.Methods This cross-sectional study included 6099 healthy students (3440 female [56.4%], 2659 male [43.6%]; mean age, 17.85 ± 0.65 years) undergoing standardized cardiovascular screening. Resting 12-lead ECGs were analyzed for quantitative parameters and qualitative variants.Results All four core ECG parameters differed by sex (all p < 0.001). Females had higher heart rates (84.64 vs. 81.55 bpm) and longer QTc intervals (423.54 vs. 406.46 ms), whereas males had longer PR intervals (141.99 vs. 138.99 ms) and wider QRS complexes (91.44 vs. 80.81 ms). Males had higher prevalences of sinus arrhythmia (22.7% vs. 19.2%), early repolarization pattern (6.1% vs. 0.1%), right bundle branch block (4.4% vs. 0.3%), and sinus bradycardia (4.5% vs. 1.3%; all p < 0.001). Male sex was independently associated with early repolarization pattern (aOR, 37.7; 95% CI, 17.2-107) and right bundle branch block (aOR, 13.1; 95% CI, 7.55-25.2; both p < 0.001), but not sinus arrhythmia (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84-1.21; p = 0.896).Conclusions ECG parameters and several qualitative variants differed by sex. These findings provide descriptive, population-specific data on ECG characteristics and common qualitative variants in healthy young Vietnamese university students.
SN - 1082-720X
SN - 1542-474X
ER -