Gut microbiota in patients receiving dialysis: Mechanisms, complications and the road to personalized microbiome-based care (Review)
- 1Department of Blood Purification, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, Gansu 730900, P.R. China
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to poor outcomes in patients receiving dialysis, yet its mechanistic complexity and therapeutic implications remain incompletely understood in clinical practice. The uremic environment, dietary restrictions, polypharmacy and dialysis modality-specific factors collectively reshape the gut microbial ecology, promoting the overproduction of deleterious metabolites such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide while depleting protective short-chain fatty acids. These alterations compromise intestinal barrier integrity, fuel systemic inflammation through endotoxemia and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation and have been associated with cardiovascular disease, immune dysfunction, peritonitis, protein-energy wasting and cognitive impairment. Although probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic and dietary interventions show promise, heterogeneous responses across trials underscore the inadequacy of one-size-fits-all strategies. Multi-omics profiling has revealed substantial interindividual variability in microbial composition and metabolic capacity, providing a rationale for personalized approaches. The present review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms underlying dysbiosis and complications in patients receiving dialysis and proposes a roadmap toward personalized microbiome-based care to improve clinical outcomes.
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BibTeX
@article{jin2026microbiota,
title = {{Gut microbiota in patients receiving dialysis: Mechanisms, complications and the road to personalized microbiome-based care (Review)}},
author = {Chenxia Jin and Yanping Wang},
journal = {Molecular Medicine Reports},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3892/mmr.2026.14044},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.14044},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Gut microbiota in patients receiving dialysis: Mechanisms, complications and the road to personalized microbiome-based care (Review)
AU - Chenxia Jin
AU - Yanping Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
JO - Molecular Medicine Reports
DO - 10.3892/mmr.2026.14044
UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.14044
AB - Gut dysbiosis is increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to poor outcomes in patients receiving dialysis, yet its mechanistic complexity and therapeutic implications remain incompletely understood in clinical practice. The uremic environment, dietary restrictions, polypharmacy and dialysis modality-specific factors collectively reshape the gut microbial ecology, promoting the overproduction of deleterious metabolites such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide while depleting protective short-chain fatty acids. These alterations compromise intestinal barrier integrity, fuel systemic inflammation through endotoxemia and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation and have been associated with cardiovascular disease, immune dysfunction, peritonitis, protein-energy wasting and cognitive impairment. Although probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic and dietary interventions show promise, heterogeneous responses across trials underscore the inadequacy of one-size-fits-all strategies. Multi-omics profiling has revealed substantial interindividual variability in microbial composition and metabolic capacity, providing a rationale for personalized approaches. The present review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms underlying dysbiosis and complications in patients receiving dialysis and proposes a roadmap toward personalized microbiome-based care to improve clinical outcomes.
SN - 1791-2997
SN - 1791-3004
ER -