Rosmarinic Acid Enhances Functional Recovery of Injured Muscle via Reducing Fibrosis and Enhancing Muscle Regeneration After Muscle Contusion.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan.
- 2Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan.
- 3Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
- 4Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, Chien Kuo Technology University, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan.
Abstract
Muscle contusion is the common injuries and present a challenge in traumatology. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relieve inflammation and pain after muscle injury, but the adverse effects including gastrointestinal bleeding and allergy are thorny problems. Therefore, it is imperative to develop safe and effective treatments. Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid, is first isolated from rosemary plant. It exhibits various biological activities, but its therapeutic potential on injured muscle remains unclear. In the study, we aimed to explore the effects of rosmarinic acid on skeletal muscle contusion. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control, injury, injury + diclofenac, and injury + RA groups. The injury of right gastrocnemius muscle was developed using a drop-mass method, and mice received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), diclofenac (10 mg/kg BW), or rosmarinic acid (40 mg/kg BW) via intraperitoneal administration for 7 or 14 days after injury. Data revealed that rosmarinic acid treatment significantly decreased inflammatory response and collagen deposition in the injured muscles. And, rosmarinic acid treatment attenuated the levels of muscle damage markers (CK, LDH, and GOT) in serum after injury. In the injury + RA group, the levels of desmin, one of known myogenic marker, and the number of centrally nucleated myofibers, which are indicative of regenerating fibers, were both increased in injured muscle on day 7 after injury. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid treatment promoted recovery of locomotor abilities in the behavior analysis. Based on these findings, we suggested that rosmarinic acid treatment mitigated inflammatory responses to protect muscles from further damage, decreased fibrosis, enhanced muscle regeneration, and ultimately improved motor function recovery. Thus, RA may be potential drug for treating contusion-induced muscle injuries.
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BibTeX
@article{chiang2026rosmarinic,
title = {{Rosmarinic Acid Enhances Functional Recovery of Injured Muscle via Reducing Fibrosis and Enhancing Muscle Regeneration After Muscle Contusion.}},
author = {Yu-Wei Chiang and Hsuan-Ying Chen and Yi-Fu Huang and Cheng-Pu Hsieh},
journal = {International journal of medical sciences},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.7150/ijms.119669},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42910183},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Rosmarinic Acid Enhances Functional Recovery of Injured Muscle via Reducing Fibrosis and Enhancing Muscle Regeneration After Muscle Contusion.
AU - Yu-Wei Chiang
AU - Hsuan-Ying Chen
AU - Yi-Fu Huang
AU - Cheng-Pu Hsieh
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/02
JO - International journal of medical sciences
DO - 10.7150/ijms.119669
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42910183
AB - Muscle contusion is the common injuries and present a challenge in traumatology. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relieve inflammation and pain after muscle injury, but the adverse effects including gastrointestinal bleeding and allergy are thorny problems. Therefore, it is imperative to develop safe and effective treatments. Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid, is first isolated from rosemary plant. It exhibits various biological activities, but its therapeutic potential on injured muscle remains unclear. In the study, we aimed to explore the effects of rosmarinic acid on skeletal muscle contusion. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control, injury, injury + diclofenac, and injury + RA groups. The injury of right gastrocnemius muscle was developed using a drop-mass method, and mice received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), diclofenac (10 mg/kg BW), or rosmarinic acid (40 mg/kg BW) via intraperitoneal administration for 7 or 14 days after injury. Data revealed that rosmarinic acid treatment significantly decreased inflammatory response and collagen deposition in the injured muscles. And, rosmarinic acid treatment attenuated the levels of muscle damage markers (CK, LDH, and GOT) in serum after injury. In the injury + RA group, the levels of desmin, one of known myogenic marker, and the number of centrally nucleated myofibers, which are indicative of regenerating fibers, were both increased in injured muscle on day 7 after injury. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid treatment promoted recovery of locomotor abilities in the behavior analysis. Based on these findings, we suggested that rosmarinic acid treatment mitigated inflammatory responses to protect muscles from further damage, decreased fibrosis, enhanced muscle regeneration, and ultimately improved motor function recovery. Thus, RA may be potential drug for treating contusion-induced muscle injuries.
SN - 1449-1907
ER -