Towards Systematic Control of the Nucleon Gluon PDF with the Pseudo-PDF Method
Abstract
We present updated lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) results for the unpolarized nucleon gluon parton distribution function (PDF) using the pseudo-PDF methodology. The calculation is performed at valence pion masses Mπ≈ 310 and $690$ MeV on an a ≈ 0.06 fm ensemble with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ) generated by the MILC Collaboration. This lattice spacing is finer than those used in previous gluon pseudo-PDF studies, providing access to multiple short-distance separations and nucleon boost momenta as high as $4.4$ GeV. To control excited-state contamination and reduce model dependence, we employ the recently developed Lanczos method, finding good agreement with our previous two-state fit approach. Higher-twist contributions and discretization effects are accounted for through explicit parameterizations in fits to the renormalized short-distance matrix elements. Together, these advances represent important steps toward systematically controlled, high-precision extractions of the gluon PDF. The resulting PDFs exhibit no statistically significant dependence on the valence pion mass and indicate a strongly suppressed gluon distribution at large x, consistent with a subset of phenomenological PDF extractions. These results demonstrate progress toward providing systematically controlled lattice-QCD constraints for future global PDF analyses.
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BibTeX
@misc{niemiera2026towards,
title = {{Towards Systematic Control of the Nucleon Gluon PDF with the Pseudo-PDF Method}},
author = {Alex NieMiera and Kai Ebira and William Good and Huey-Wen Lin},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.31597},
eprint = {2610.31597},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31597},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Towards Systematic Control of the Nucleon Gluon PDF with the Pseudo-PDF Method
AU - Alex NieMiera
AU - Kai Ebira
AU - William Good
AU - Huey-Wen Lin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/22
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.31597
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31597
AB - We present updated lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) results for the unpolarized nucleon gluon parton distribution function (PDF) using the pseudo-PDF methodology. The calculation is performed at valence pion masses M_π≈ 310 and $690$ MeV on an a ≈ 0.06 fm ensemble with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ) generated by the MILC Collaboration. This lattice spacing is finer than those used in previous gluon pseudo-PDF studies, providing access to multiple short-distance separations and nucleon boost momenta as high as $4.4$ GeV. To control excited-state contamination and reduce model dependence, we employ the recently developed Lanczos method, finding good agreement with our previous two-state fit approach. Higher-twist contributions and discretization effects are accounted for through explicit parameterizations in fits to the renormalized short-distance matrix elements. Together, these advances represent important steps toward systematically controlled, high-precision extractions of the gluon PDF. The resulting PDFs exhibit no statistically significant dependence on the valence pion mass and indicate a strongly suppressed gluon distribution at large x, consistent with a subset of phenomenological PDF extractions. These results demonstrate progress toward providing systematically controlled lattice-QCD constraints for future global PDF analyses.
ER -