Integration of GeneXpert CT/NG and OSOM Trichomonas testing into STI management in an adolescent clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

@article{lightowler2026integration,
  title = {{Integration of GeneXpert CT/NG and OSOM Trichomonas testing into STI management in an adolescent clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study}},
  author = {Maria Lightowler and Claire Bossard and Zibusiso Ndlovu and Regina Magore and Gerald Hangaika and Kuziwa Kuwenyi and Marjan Peters and Tom Ellman and Agnes Juru and Petronella Wekare and Kudzai P Takarinda and Esther C Casas},
  journal = {BMJ Open},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2026-122186},
  url = {https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-122186},
  note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Integration of GeneXpert CT/NG and OSOM Trichomonas testing into STI management in an adolescent clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study
AU  - Maria Lightowler
AU  - Claire Bossard
AU  - Zibusiso Ndlovu
AU  - Regina Magore
AU  - Gerald Hangaika
AU  - Kuziwa Kuwenyi
AU  - Marjan Peters
AU  - Tom Ellman
AU  - Agnes Juru
AU  - Petronella Wekare
AU  - Kudzai P Takarinda
AU  - Esther C Casas
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/21
JO  - BMJ Open
DO  - 10.1136/bmjopen-2026-122186
UR  - https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2026-122186
AB  - Objective To assess whether integrating aetiological sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing into routine adolescent care improves diagnostic and clinical performance compared with syndromic management alone in Harare, Zimbabwe.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting Mbare Adolescent clinic.Participants 402 sexually active adolescents aged 16–19 years were consecutively enrolled (September 2023–June 2024).Methods Standardised assessment included history, examination and routine HIV/syphilis screening. Vaginal/endocervical swabs (females) and urine (males) were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) using GeneXpert CT/NG and OSOM Trichomonas rapid testing. Syndromic treatment followed national guidelines. We assessed laboratory results among participants receiving syndromic treatment and infections detected through aetiological screening among those not receiving syndromic treatment, stratified by pathogen and sex.Results Among participants (median age 18 years; 49.8% female), 153/402 (38%) had an STI-related syndrome. Syndromic management led to treatment targeting CT in 182/402 (45%), NG in 176/402 (44%) and TV in 83/402 (21%) participants. Aetiological testing detected CT in 80/402 participants (20%)—65/200 (33%) females and 15/202 (7%) males—and NG in 73/402 (18%)—44/200 (22%) females and 29/202 (14%) males; TV was detected in 35/200 (18%) females and 1/202 (1%) males.Among participants receiving syndromic treatment, 44/106 (42%) females and 12/42 (29%) males tested negative for all pathogens assessed. Pathogen-specific negative results among treated females were observed for CT in 73/104 (70%), NG in 70/101 (69%) and TV in 56/77 (73%); among treated males, the corresponding proportions were 31/42 (74%) for CT and 14/42 (33%) for NG.Among participants not receiving syndromic treatment, CT was detected in 28/79 (35%), NG in 8/79 (10%) and TV in 3/84 (4%) females, and CT in 4/134 (3%) and NG in 1/137 (1%) males.Conclusions STIs were frequently detected among adolescents attending primary care, including among those without symptoms. Among symptomatic participants receiving syndromic treatment, aetiological testing identified discordance between treatment and laboratory findings while screening identified infections among participants not receiving syndromic treatment. Integrating aetiological testing into adolescent services could complement syndromic management by supporting more targeted treatment and detection of asymptomatic infections.
SN  - 2044-6055
SN  - 2044-6055
ER  -