Qualitative Analysis of a Two-Compartment Pharmacokinetic Model for Human Ethanol Metabolism and Its Generalization
Abstract
In this work, we revisit a continuous-time two-compartment pharmacokinetic model of human ethanol metabolism originally proposed by Levitt and Levitt. We first establish the positivity of the solutions, investigate the existence and uniqueness of a positive equilibrium, and analyze its local and global asymptotic stability. As a result, the global dynamics of the original ethanol metabolism model is characterized, thereby complementing and extending the analytical results reported in the original study. Second, building upon the foundational two-compartment model of Levitt and Levitt, we replace the Michaelis--Menten metabolism rate with a general class of nonlinear functions, including both monotone and nonmonotone forms. This generalization allows us to examine a wider range of physiologically motivated scenarios and reveals richer dynamical behavior. We then establish the positivity of the solutions, study the existence and asymptotic stability of equilibria, and analyze the long-term dynamics under different ethanol input conditions. In particular, for a specific nonmonotone family, we establish the occurrence of a nondegenerate saddle-node bifurcation through center-manifold analysis. Furthermore, we prove the absence of nonconstant periodic orbits in the generalized model without assuming monotonicity of the metabolic rate functions. These findings extend the qualitative analysis beyond equilibrium stability and provide further insights into the complex dynamics of human ethanol metabolism. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the theoretical findings. The numerical results provide further support for the theoretical analysis.
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BibTeX
@misc{hoang2026qualitative,
title = {{Qualitative Analysis of a Two-Compartment Pharmacokinetic Model for Human Ethanol Metabolism and Its Generalization}},
author = {Manh Tuan Hoang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.09151},
eprint = {2608.09151},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09151},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Qualitative Analysis of a Two-Compartment Pharmacokinetic Model for Human Ethanol Metabolism and Its Generalization
AU - Manh Tuan Hoang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.09151
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09151
AB - In this work, we revisit a continuous-time two-compartment pharmacokinetic model of human ethanol metabolism originally proposed by Levitt and Levitt. We first establish the positivity of the solutions, investigate the existence and uniqueness of a positive equilibrium, and analyze its local and global asymptotic stability. As a result, the global dynamics of the original ethanol metabolism model is characterized, thereby complementing and extending the analytical results reported in the original study. Second, building upon the foundational two-compartment model of Levitt and Levitt, we replace the Michaelis--Menten metabolism rate with a general class of nonlinear functions, including both monotone and nonmonotone forms. This generalization allows us to examine a wider range of physiologically motivated scenarios and reveals richer dynamical behavior. We then establish the positivity of the solutions, study the existence and asymptotic stability of equilibria, and analyze the long-term dynamics under different ethanol input conditions. In particular, for a specific nonmonotone family, we establish the occurrence of a nondegenerate saddle-node bifurcation through center-manifold analysis. Furthermore, we prove the absence of nonconstant periodic orbits in the generalized model without assuming monotonicity of the metabolic rate functions. These findings extend the qualitative analysis beyond equilibrium stability and provide further insights into the complex dynamics of human ethanol metabolism. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the theoretical findings. The numerical results provide further support for the theoretical analysis.
ER -