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Peer-reviewedCC BYCureus

Occlusal Surface Changes in Single-Unit Versus Three-Unit Implant-Supported Zirconia Restoration: A Retrospective Observational Study

  • Jay Gohil1
  • Shilpa Chawan2
  • Mukesh Singla3
  • Sanpreet S Sachdev4
  • Goudu Lekha Pavani5
  • Grishmi Niswade6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Prosthodontics, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, IND
  2. 2Department of Periodontics, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Nizamabad, IND
  3. 3Department of Orthodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, IND
  4. 4Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, IND
  5. 5Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, IND
  6. 6Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, IND
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Abstract

Introduction: Implant-supported zirconia restorations (ISZRs) are increasingly used for posterior rehabilitation; however, differences in occlusal wear and associated clinical outcomes between single-unit restorations and three-unit fixed restorations remain clinically relevant. This study aimed to compare occlusal surface wear between single-unit implant-supported zirconia restorations (single-ISZRs) and three-unit implant-supported zirconia restorations (three-ISZRs) and evaluate antagonist enamel wear, occlusal adjustment requirements, surface roughness, and restoration-related complications.

Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study included 120 records, comprising 64 single-ISZRs and 56 three-ISZRs. Digital records at restoration delivery and at 6 and 12 months were evaluated. Occlusal surface wear and antagonist enamel wear were quantified using digital scan superimposition. Occlusal adjustments, surface roughness, and complications were assessed from clinical records. Continuous variables were analyzed using independent-samples t-tests with Welch’s correction where appropriate, while categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. At baseline, occlusal wear was 2.1 ± 0.8 μm for single-ISZR and 2.3 ± 0.9 μm for three-ISZR (p = 0.204). At 6 months, wear was 8.4 ± 2.1 and 11.2 ± 2.8 μm, respectively (p < 0.001), increasing at 12 months to 14.6 ± 3.4 and 19.8 ± 4.1 μm (p < 0.001). The baseline-to-12-month change was 12.5 ± 3.2 versus 17.5 ± 3.8 μm (p < 0.001). Antagonist enamel wear was also lower with single-ISZR (15.2 ± 3.8 vs. 19.7 ± 4.5 μm; p < 0.001). The overall complication rate was lower for single-ISZR than for three-ISZR (9.4% vs. 25.0%; p = 0.022).

Conclusion: Single-ISZRs demonstrated less occlusal and antagonist enamel wear and fewer overall complications than three-ISZRs during 12 months of follow-up.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{gohil2026occlusal,
  title = {{Occlusal Surface Changes in Single-Unit Versus Three-Unit Implant-Supported Zirconia Restoration: A Retrospective Observational Study}},
  author = {Jay Gohil and Shilpa Chawan and Mukesh Singla and Sanpreet S Sachdev and Goudu Lekha Pavani and Grishmi Niswade},
  journal = {Cureus},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.7759/cureus.117202},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13720931},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Occlusal Surface Changes in Single-Unit Versus Three-Unit Implant-Supported Zirconia Restoration: A Retrospective Observational Study
AU  - Jay Gohil
AU  - Shilpa Chawan
AU  - Mukesh Singla
AU  - Sanpreet S Sachdev
AU  - Goudu Lekha Pavani
AU  - Grishmi Niswade
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - Cureus
DO  - 10.7759/cureus.117202
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13720931
AB  - Introduction: Implant-supported zirconia restorations (ISZRs) are increasingly used for posterior rehabilitation; however, differences in occlusal wear and associated clinical outcomes between single-unit restorations and three-unit fixed restorations remain clinically relevant. This study aimed to compare occlusal surface wear between single-unit implant-supported zirconia restorations (single-ISZRs) and three-unit implant-supported zirconia restorations (three-ISZRs) and evaluate antagonist enamel wear, occlusal adjustment requirements, surface roughness, and restoration-related complications.  Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study included 120 records, comprising 64 single-ISZRs and 56 three-ISZRs. Digital records at restoration delivery and at 6 and 12 months were evaluated. Occlusal surface wear and antagonist enamel wear were quantified using digital scan superimposition. Occlusal adjustments, surface roughness, and complications were assessed from clinical records. Continuous variables were analyzed using independent-samples t-tests with Welch’s correction where appropriate, while categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.  Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. At baseline, occlusal wear was 2.1 ± 0.8 μm for single-ISZR and 2.3 ± 0.9 μm for three-ISZR (p = 0.204). At 6 months, wear was 8.4 ± 2.1 and 11.2 ± 2.8 μm, respectively (p < 0.001), increasing at 12 months to 14.6 ± 3.4 and 19.8 ± 4.1 μm (p < 0.001). The baseline-to-12-month change was 12.5 ± 3.2 versus 17.5 ± 3.8 μm (p < 0.001). Antagonist enamel wear was also lower with single-ISZR (15.2 ± 3.8 vs. 19.7 ± 4.5 μm; p < 0.001). The overall complication rate was lower for single-ISZR than for three-ISZR (9.4% vs. 25.0%; p = 0.022).  Conclusion: Single-ISZRs demonstrated less occlusal and antagonist enamel wear and fewer overall complications than three-ISZRs during 12 months of follow-up.
SN  - 2168-8184
ER  -