Ultrafast light-electron modulation for free-electron quantum optics: fundamentals and applications

@misc{zhao2026ultrafast,
  title = {{Ultrafast light-electron modulation for free-electron quantum optics: fundamentals and applications}},
  author = {Zirui Zhao and Ruoyu Chen and Changying Li and Yongcheng Ding and Zhaopin Chen and Xinbing Song and Shuaishuai Sun and Ye Tian and Kangpeng Wang and Yiming Pan},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.36182},
  eprint = {2610.36182},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36182},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Ultrafast light-electron modulation for free-electron quantum optics: fundamentals and applications
AU  - Zirui Zhao
AU  - Ruoyu Chen
AU  - Changying Li
AU  - Yongcheng Ding
AU  - Zhaopin Chen
AU  - Xinbing Song
AU  - Shuaishuai Sun
AU  - Ye Tian
AU  - Kangpeng Wang
AU  - Yiming Pan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.36182
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36182
AB  - Coherent optical modulation of free-electron wavepackets offers a route to ultrafast beam steering, energy exchange, temporal compression, and quantum-state shaping. Recent advances in photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM), ultrafast Kapitza-Dirac effect (KDE) and dielectric laser acceleration (DLA) have demonstrated strong light-electron coupling, but longitudinal energy modulation, transverse momentum transfer, and wavepacket-dependent diffraction are still commonly described with separate models. Here, we develop a unified Light-Electron Modulation (LEM) framework that treats optical near fields as programmable phase modulators for free-electron wavepackets. Within this framework, we identify longitudinal and transverse modulation channels, analogous to electro-optic phase modulation and acousto-optic diffraction of light, respectively, and show how their operation depends on wavepacket extent, recoil, phase matching, and optical-field geometry. This formulation organizes PINEM, Raman-Nath and Bragg diffraction, DLA-like acceleration, and anomalous PINEM as limiting regimes of a common modulation picture. The resulting framework provides design principles for free-electron modulators that can control energy spectra, temporal density, transverse wavefronts, and electron-photon quantum interfaces, establishing LEM as a device-level platform for programmable femtosecond-to-attosecond matter-wave control.
ER  -