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Peer-reviewedCC BYNature communications

Insight into phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography displacement measurement.

  • Andrea Mazzolani1
  • Jiayue Li2,3
  • Balázs Dura-Kovács4,5
  • Brendan F Kennedy2,3,6
  • Peter R T Munro4,3
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK. [email protected].
  2. 2BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
  3. 3Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
  4. 4Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
  5. 5Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany.
  6. 6Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
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Abstract

Phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures motion from phase differences between repeated acquisitions, supporting techniques such as Doppler OCT and optical coherence elastography (OCE). A recent numerical and experimental study showed that, even without noise, displacement estimation is less accurate in dark speckles. Here, we demonstrate analytically why displacement is not proportional to phase difference in speckled OCT images. We derive an expansion for compression OCE containing higher-order terms beyond the conventional linear term and show that neglecting them introduces errors that increase with depth and strain-discontinuity magnitude. We also identify two phenomena that perturb the phase linearity, one producing features resembling phase-wrapping events that may be mitigated by phase-unwrapping techniques. Finally, we introduce a displacement-estimation method that overcomes these limitations and achieves errors two orders of magnitude lower than conventional approaches. These phase-instability findings may reshape motion measurement beyond compression OCE, including dynamic OCT.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{mazzolani2026insight,
  title = {{Insight into phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography displacement measurement.}},
  author = {Andrea Mazzolani and Jiayue Li and Balázs Dura-Kovács and Brendan F Kennedy and Peter R T Munro},
  journal = {Nature communications},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-77549-2},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42893993},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Insight into phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography displacement measurement.
AU  - Andrea Mazzolani
AU  - Jiayue Li
AU  - Balázs Dura-Kovács
AU  - Brendan F Kennedy
AU  - Peter R T Munro
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/16
JO  - Nature communications
DO  - 10.1038/s41467-026-77549-2
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42893993
AB  - Phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures motion from phase differences between repeated acquisitions, supporting techniques such as Doppler OCT and optical coherence elastography (OCE). A recent numerical and experimental study showed that, even without noise, displacement estimation is less accurate in dark speckles. Here, we demonstrate analytically why displacement is not proportional to phase difference in speckled OCT images. We derive an expansion for compression OCE containing higher-order terms beyond the conventional linear term and show that neglecting them introduces errors that increase with depth and strain-discontinuity magnitude. We also identify two phenomena that perturb the phase linearity, one producing features resembling phase-wrapping events that may be mitigated by phase-unwrapping techniques. Finally, we introduce a displacement-estimation method that overcomes these limitations and achieves errors two orders of magnitude lower than conventional approaches. These phase-instability findings may reshape motion measurement beyond compression OCE, including dynamic OCT.
SN  - 2041-1723
ER  -