Fault-tolerant resource estimation for ground-state preparation via Lindblad simulation
Abstract
Recent advances in algorithms for simulating Lindblad dynamics have clarified their theoretical potential for state preparation, but their practicality in the early fault-tolerant regime and beyond remains uncertain. In this work, we address this by investigating the cost of preparing ground states of the fermionic Hubbard model, following the single-ancilla approach of [Phys. Rev. Research 6, 033147 (2024)]. We derive rigorous error bounds including constant prefactors, and compare to empirical error behavior and practical convergence parameters obtained from circuit-level simulations. We find that empirically chosen parameters can reduce the required resources by orders of magnitude, resulting in an estimated 7.7 × 108 T gates to perform one unit of time evolution targeting the low-energy subspace of a 36-site fermionic Hubbard model. We identify the accurate filtering of energy transitions as the main source of this cost.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{bothe2026faulttolerant,
title = {{Fault-tolerant resource estimation for ground-state preparation via Lindblad simulation}},
author = {Marius Bothe and Patrick Schoepf and Nick S. Blunt},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.08667},
eprint = {2610.08667},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08667},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Fault-tolerant resource estimation for ground-state preparation via Lindblad simulation
AU - Marius Bothe
AU - Patrick Schoepf
AU - Nick S. Blunt
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/06
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.08667
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08667
AB - Recent advances in algorithms for simulating Lindblad dynamics have clarified their theoretical potential for state preparation, but their practicality in the early fault-tolerant regime and beyond remains uncertain. In this work, we address this by investigating the cost of preparing ground states of the fermionic Hubbard model, following the single-ancilla approach of [Phys. Rev. Research 6, 033147 (2024)]. We derive rigorous error bounds including constant prefactors, and compare to empirical error behavior and practical convergence parameters obtained from circuit-level simulations. We find that empirically chosen parameters can reduce the required resources by orders of magnitude, resulting in an estimated 7.7 × 10^8 T gates to perform one unit of time evolution targeting the low-energy subspace of a 36-site fermionic Hubbard model. We identify the accurate filtering of energy transitions as the main source of this cost.
ER -