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PreprintCC BY-NC-ND 4.0arXiv

Designing 3D transfers: application to Earth-Moon

  • Allan Kardec de Almeida Junior
  • Timothée Vaillant
  • João P. F. Agostinho
  • Antonio F. B. A. Prado
  • Leonardo B. T. Santos
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Abstract

Three dimensional Earth-Moon transfers usually consume more fuel than planar ones, but are needed depending on the latitude of the launch site and the desired inclination of the final lunar orbit. A systematic search of the optimal 3D transfers represents a true challenge due the dimension of the parameter set to span. In this paper, we propose a new method to design 3D transfers using a tangential velocity constraint for the burns, modeled using the overdetermined constraints technique based on the Theory of Functional Connections for an optimal search of solutions in a numerically efficient way. The developed method is applied here for a systematic study of optimal 3D Earth-Moon transfers, but could be used to design any type of 3D maneuvers.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{junior2026designing,
  title = {{Designing 3D transfers: application to Earth-Moon}},
  author = {Allan Kardec de Almeida Junior and Timothée Vaillant and João P. F. Agostinho and Antonio F. B. A. Prado and Leonardo B. T. Santos},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.23496},
  eprint = {2609.23496},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23496},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Designing 3D transfers: application to Earth-Moon
AU  - Allan Kardec de Almeida Junior
AU  - Timothée Vaillant
AU  - João P. F. Agostinho
AU  - Antonio F. B. A. Prado
AU  - Leonardo B. T. Santos
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/20
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.23496
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23496
AB  - Three dimensional Earth-Moon transfers usually consume more fuel than planar ones, but are needed depending on the latitude of the launch site and the desired inclination of the final lunar orbit. A systematic search of the optimal 3D transfers represents a true challenge due the dimension of the parameter set to span. In this paper, we propose a new method to design 3D transfers using a tangential velocity constraint for the burns, modeled using the overdetermined constraints technique based on the Theory of Functional Connections for an optimal search of solutions in a numerically efficient way. The developed method is applied here for a systematic study of optimal 3D Earth-Moon transfers, but could be used to design any type of 3D maneuvers.
ER  -