Condensins-mediated mitotic folding persists as a structural echo in interphase chromatin
5 affiliations
- 1Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS , Novosibirsk 630090 ,
- 2Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk 630090 ,
- 3Sirius University of Science and Technology , Sochi 354340 ,
- 4Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119992 ,
- 5Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119234 ,
Abstract
The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes, cohesin and condensins, orchestrate cell cycle-dependent transitions in chromosome folding: from the relatively decondensed interphase chromatin, organized into dynamic DNA loops by cohesin, to the highly condensed arrays of DNA loops in mitotic chromosomes formed by condensins. Here, using Hi-C data from mouse embryonic stem cell lines with auxin-inducible degron-tagged subunits of SMC complexes, we clarify the role of condensins in shaping chromatin contacts within the interphase nucleus. We found that depletion of condensin I leads to weakened segregation of chromatin into A and B compartments. We also show that the contact patterns established by condensins during mitosis are preserved in interphase, suggesting a structural memory of mitotic chromosome folding. Condensins influence chromocenter organization: in the absence of condensin II during mitosis, centromeres tend to cluster, forming hyperclusters of pericentric heterochromatin. In contrast, depletion of condensin I reduces the number of heterochromatin clusters, consistent with enhanced chromosome territoriality. By combining a cohesin-degron system with Mcph1 knockout, we established an artificial model in which condensin II becomes the major driver of chromatin folding in interphase nuclei following cohesin depletion. Unlike extrusive cohesin, condensin II does not stall at sequence-specific sites and forms large, randomly positioned loops on interphase chromatin. Moreover, condensin II activity during interphase does not interfere with cohesin-dependent structures such as TADs and chromatin loops.
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BibTeX
@article{yunusova2026condensinsmediated,
title = {{Condensins-mediated mitotic folding persists as a structural echo in interphase chromatin}},
author = {Anastasia Yunusova and Egor Tsoi and Alexander Smirnov and Tatiana Shnaider and Inna Pristyazhnuk and Maria Gridina and Evgeny Kazakov and Igor Kireev and Ivan Myakinkov and Miroslav Nuriddinov and Veniamin Fishman and Nariman Battulin},
journal = {Nucleic Acids Research},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1093/nar/gkag1014},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkag1014/8994526},
note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Condensins-mediated mitotic folding persists as a structural echo in interphase chromatin
AU - Anastasia Yunusova
AU - Egor Tsoi
AU - Alexander Smirnov
AU - Tatiana Shnaider
AU - Inna Pristyazhnuk
AU - Maria Gridina
AU - Evgeny Kazakov
AU - Igor Kireev
AU - Ivan Myakinkov
AU - Miroslav Nuriddinov
AU - Veniamin Fishman
AU - Nariman Battulin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Nucleic Acids Research
DO - 10.1093/nar/gkag1014
UR - https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkag1014/8994526
AB - The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes, cohesin and condensins, orchestrate cell cycle-dependent transitions in chromosome folding: from the relatively decondensed interphase chromatin, organized into dynamic DNA loops by cohesin, to the highly condensed arrays of DNA loops in mitotic chromosomes formed by condensins. Here, using Hi-C data from mouse embryonic stem cell lines with auxin-inducible degron-tagged subunits of SMC complexes, we clarify the role of condensins in shaping chromatin contacts within the interphase nucleus. We found that depletion of condensin I leads to weakened segregation of chromatin into A and B compartments. We also show that the contact patterns established by condensins during mitosis are preserved in interphase, suggesting a structural memory of mitotic chromosome folding. Condensins influence chromocenter organization: in the absence of condensin II during mitosis, centromeres tend to cluster, forming hyperclusters of pericentric heterochromatin. In contrast, depletion of condensin I reduces the number of heterochromatin clusters, consistent with enhanced chromosome territoriality. By combining a cohesin-degron system with Mcph1 knockout, we established an artificial model in which condensin II becomes the major driver of chromatin folding in interphase nuclei following cohesin depletion. Unlike extrusive cohesin, condensin II does not stall at sequence-specific sites and forms large, randomly positioned loops on interphase chromatin. Moreover, condensin II activity during interphase does not interfere with cohesin-dependent structures such as TADs and chromatin loops.
SN - 0305-1048
SN - 1362-4962
ER -