Development and Initial Validation of the Multi-Dimensional Attention Rating Scale in Highly Educated Adults
Abstract
Objective To report the development, validation, and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels. Methods The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis. Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT), the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and the Attention Network Test (ANT). Results The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention: focused attention, sustained attention, shifting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and response inhibition.As assessed by six experts, the content validation index (CVI) was 0.95, the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78, and the test-retest reliability was 0.81. Four factors were identified (cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%). The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) and ACS (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting (r = -0.31, P = 0.049).
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BibTeX
@article{xinyang2026development,
title = {{Development and Initial Validation of the Multi-Dimensional Attention Rating Scale in Highly Educated Adults}},
author = {Zhang Xin-Yang and Spruyt Karen and Si Jia-Yue and Zhang Lin-Lin and Wu Ting-Ting and Liu Yan-Nan and Gan Di-Ga and Hu Yu-Xin and Liu Si-Yu and Gao Teng and Zhong Yi and Ge Yao and Li Zhe and Lin Zi-Yan and Bao Yan-Ping and Wang Xue-Qin and Wang Yu-Feng and Lu Lin},
journal = {Chinese Medical Sciences Journal},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.24920/004481},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05790999v1},
note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Development and Initial Validation of the Multi-Dimensional Attention Rating Scale in Highly Educated Adults
AU - Zhang Xin-Yang
AU - Spruyt Karen
AU - Si Jia-Yue
AU - Zhang Lin-Lin
AU - Wu Ting-Ting
AU - Liu Yan-Nan
AU - Gan Di-Ga
AU - Hu Yu-Xin
AU - Liu Si-Yu
AU - Gao Teng
AU - Zhong Yi
AU - Ge Yao
AU - Li Zhe
AU - Lin Zi-Yan
AU - Bao Yan-Ping
AU - Wang Xue-Qin
AU - Wang Yu-Feng
AU - Lu Lin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/10
JO - Chinese Medical Sciences Journal
DO - 10.24920/004481
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05790999v1
AB - Objective To report the development, validation, and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels. Methods The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis. Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT), the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and the Attention Network Test (ANT). Results The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention: focused attention, sustained attention, shifting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and response inhibition.As assessed by six experts, the content validation index (CVI) was 0.95, the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78, and the test-retest reliability was 0.81. Four factors were identified (cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%). The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) and ACS (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting (r = -0.31, P = 0.049).
SN - 1001-9294
ER -