Second-order scattering response of a Schwarzschild black hole
Abstract
Gravitational waves couple in a nonlinear fashion in the vicinity of a black hole. Black hole perturbation theory can be readily applied to compute the magnitude of this coupling, its dependence on the parity content, frequencies, and angular structure of the incoming gravitational waves. In this work we carry out this calculation, showing how the nonlinear coupling of gravitational waves generically peaks when the driven frequency matches the oscillation frequency of the fundamental quasinormal mode of the black hole. We also demonstrate how this excitation is largest at the maximal harmonics allowed, and study its dependence on the parity content of the incoming modes. At low frequencies, the quadratic response computed here encodes the nonlinear, dynamical tidal deformability of the black hole spacetime itself. We demonstrate numerically that the quadratic black hole coupling coefficient scales quadratically with the driving frequency, and recover this scaling from the 5-point Compton graviton scattering amplitude.
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BibTeX
@misc{bucciotti2026secondorder,
title = {{Second-order scattering response of a Schwarzschild black hole}},
author = {Bruno Bucciotti and Jaime Redondo-Yuste and Zhen Zhong and Adrien Kuntz and Vitor Cardoso},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.20934},
eprint = {2609.20934},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20934},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Second-order scattering response of a Schwarzschild black hole
AU - Bruno Bucciotti
AU - Jaime Redondo-Yuste
AU - Zhen Zhong
AU - Adrien Kuntz
AU - Vitor Cardoso
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.20934
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20934
AB - Gravitational waves couple in a nonlinear fashion in the vicinity of a black hole. Black hole perturbation theory can be readily applied to compute the magnitude of this coupling, its dependence on the parity content, frequencies, and angular structure of the incoming gravitational waves. In this work we carry out this calculation, showing how the nonlinear coupling of gravitational waves generically peaks when the driven frequency matches the oscillation frequency of the fundamental quasinormal mode of the black hole. We also demonstrate how this excitation is largest at the maximal harmonics allowed, and study its dependence on the parity content of the incoming modes. At low frequencies, the quadratic response computed here encodes the nonlinear, dynamical tidal deformability of the black hole spacetime itself. We demonstrate numerically that the quadratic black hole coupling coefficient scales quadratically with the driving frequency, and recover this scaling from the 5-point Compton graviton scattering amplitude.
ER -