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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Design and Analysis of a 2D Vernier Structure

  • Hüsna Yildiz
  • Rick Helmer
Open at sourcePDFDOICite

Abstract

This paper presents the design and simulation of a 2D Vernier Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) targeting less than 20 picosecond time resolution and 5-bit output resolution. The TDC comprises voltage-controlled delay buffers, NAND-based SR latches with reset functionality, and a calibration loop using a phase-frequency detector (PFD) and charge pump. The calibration loop dynamically adjusts delay mismatches to maintain consistent timing across process-voltage-temperature (PVT) corners, significantly improving linearity. Simulations show that the TDC achieves a resolution of 16.9 ps for tt corner and maintains DNL and INL below 0.5 LSB under all tested PVT conditions

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{yildiz2026design,
  title = {{Design and Analysis of a 2D Vernier Structure}},
  author = {Hüsna Yildiz and Rick Helmer},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.36083},
  eprint = {2609.36083},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.36083},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Design and Analysis of a 2D Vernier Structure
AU  - Hüsna Yildiz
AU  - Rick Helmer
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/28
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.36083
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.36083
AB  - This paper presents the design and simulation of a 2D Vernier Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) targeting less than 20 picosecond time resolution and 5-bit output resolution. The TDC comprises voltage-controlled delay buffers, NAND-based SR latches with reset functionality, and a calibration loop using a phase-frequency detector (PFD) and charge pump. The calibration loop dynamically adjusts delay mismatches to maintain consistent timing across process-voltage-temperature (PVT) corners, significantly improving linearity. Simulations show that the TDC achieves a resolution of 16.9 ps for tt corner and maintains DNL and INL below 0.5 LSB under all tested PVT conditions
ER  -