Anisotropic hadronic matter in external magnetic fields
Abstract
Strong magnetic fields generated in non-central heavy-ion collisions break rotational symmetry and can imprint anisotropy on the produced quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter. Within a hadron resonance gas framework in the presence of an external magnetic field, we investigate the resulting anisotropy in the equation of state, isothermal compressibility, speed of sound, and conserved-charge fluctuations. We find that the electric-charge susceptibility ratio χ4Q/χ2Q develops a pronounced directional dependence, driven primarily by the Landau-level structure of charged pions. For physically relevant magnetic fields, this anisotropy reaches ∼ 10 − 15 % at T≃0.16 GeV. The ratio of electric-charge susceptibility can be expressed as χ4Q/χ2Q=C4Q/C2Q=κQσQ2, where C2Q and C4Q are the second- and fourth-order cumulants, and κQ and σQ are the kurtosis and variance of the event-by-event net-electric-charge distribution. The reaction-plane dependence of this ratio provides an experimentally accessible signature of magnetic-field-induced anisotropy. Our results identify higher-order electric-charge fluctuations as a promising probe of the imprint of strong electromagnetic fields on the matter produced in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC.
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BibTeX
@misc{sahu2026anisotropic,
title = {{Anisotropic hadronic matter in external magnetic fields}},
author = {Dushmanta Sahu and Jayanta Dey},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.23120},
eprint = {2610.23120},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23120},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Anisotropic hadronic matter in external magnetic fields
AU - Dushmanta Sahu
AU - Jayanta Dey
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.23120
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23120
AB - Strong magnetic fields generated in non-central heavy-ion collisions break rotational symmetry and can imprint anisotropy on the produced quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter. Within a hadron resonance gas framework in the presence of an external magnetic field, we investigate the resulting anisotropy in the equation of state, isothermal compressibility, speed of sound, and conserved-charge fluctuations. We find that the electric-charge susceptibility ratio χ_4^Q/χ_2^Q develops a pronounced directional dependence, driven primarily by the Landau-level structure of charged pions. For physically relevant magnetic fields, this anisotropy reaches ∼ 10 − 15 % at T≃0.16 GeV. The ratio of electric-charge susceptibility can be expressed as χ_4^Q/χ_2^Q=C_4^Q/C_2^Q=κ_Qσ_Q^2, where C_2^Q and C_4^Q are the second- and fourth-order cumulants, and κ_Q and σ_Q are the kurtosis and variance of the event-by-event net-electric-charge distribution. The reaction-plane dependence of this ratio provides an experimentally accessible signature of magnetic-field-induced anisotropy. Our results identify higher-order electric-charge fluctuations as a promising probe of the imprint of strong electromagnetic fields on the matter produced in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC.
ER -