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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0PLOS One

Species-specific effects of post-wheat green manure incorporation on spring wheat yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions in an arid irrigated system

  • Bing Li1
  • Li Wang2
  • Cundong Li3
  • Zhanyuan Lu4
  • Li Zhang
  • Hongbo Liu
  • Juan Li
  • Dejian Zhang
4 affiliations
  1. 1School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University/Key Laboratory of Biology of Forage and Special Crops, Ministry of Education, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
  2. 2College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
  3. 3Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
  4. 4Hohhot Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Abstract

Post-wheat green manure incorporation can improve fallow-season resource use and crop productivity, but species-specific effects on soil greenhouse gas emissions and subsequent wheat yield remain unclear in spring wheat systems. A field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in the Yellow River Basin of Inner Mongolia, China, with five green manure species, namely common vetch, hairy vetch, sesbania, forage rapeseed, and forage oat, and a fallow control. Soil CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions, global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), wheat growth, and grain yield were evaluated. The system acted as a source of CO2 and N2O and a sink for CH4. Compared with fallow, green manure incorporation numerically increased cumulative CO2 emissions by 7.29%−44.30% and GWP by 7.44%−39.64%, although treatment differences in GWP were not significant, with CO2 contributing more than 85% of total GWP. It also increased grain yield by 2.96%−11.95%. Despite the numerical increase in GWP, GHGI differed among species. Hairy vetch achieved the highest yield and lowest GHGI, common vetch reduced GHGI relative to fallow, and forage oat showed high yield with the lowest cumulative N2O emission. These results suggest that hairy vetch, common vetch, and forage oat are suitable for post-wheat incorporation in this region.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{li2026speciesspecific,
  title = {{Species-specific effects of post-wheat green manure incorporation on spring wheat yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions in an arid irrigated system}},
  author = {Bing Li and Li Wang and Cundong Li and Zhanyuan Lu and Li Zhang and Hongbo Liu and Juan Li and Dejian Zhang},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0360932},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360932},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Species-specific effects of post-wheat green manure incorporation on spring wheat yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions in an arid irrigated system
AU  - Bing Li
AU  - Li Wang
AU  - Cundong Li
AU  - Zhanyuan Lu
AU  - Li Zhang
AU  - Hongbo Liu
AU  - Juan Li
AU  - Dejian Zhang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0360932
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360932
AB  - Post-wheat green manure incorporation can improve fallow-season resource use and crop productivity, but species-specific effects on soil greenhouse gas emissions and subsequent wheat yield remain unclear in spring wheat systems. A field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in the Yellow River Basin of Inner Mongolia, China, with five green manure species, namely common vetch, hairy vetch, sesbania, forage rapeseed, and forage oat, and a fallow control. Soil CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions, global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), wheat growth, and grain yield were evaluated. The system acted as a source of CO2 and N2O and a sink for CH4. Compared with fallow, green manure incorporation numerically increased cumulative CO2 emissions by 7.29%−44.30% and GWP by 7.44%−39.64%, although treatment differences in GWP were not significant, with CO2 contributing more than 85% of total GWP. It also increased grain yield by 2.96%−11.95%. Despite the numerical increase in GWP, GHGI differed among species. Hairy vetch achieved the highest yield and lowest GHGI, common vetch reduced GHGI relative to fallow, and forage oat showed high yield with the lowest cumulative N2O emission. These results suggest that hairy vetch, common vetch, and forage oat are suitable for post-wheat incorporation in this region.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -