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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Public Health

Growth, nutritional status, and physical fitness trajectories among primary and secondary school students and their associations with poor vision: a school-based study in Chongqing, China

  • Yaocheng Luo1,2,3,4
  • Wenhua Ran5
  • Shaocheng Fan5
  • Yuanyuan Lan1,2,3,4
  • Youtao Mou1,2,3,4
  • Ling Liu5
  • Yong Zhao1,2,3,4
5 affiliations
  1. 1School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University
  2. 2Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University
  3. 3Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University
  4. 4Nutrition Innovation Platform-Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University
  5. 5Yuzhong District Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center
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Abstract

Purpose: To examine trends in growth and development, physical fitness, and visual acuity indicators among primary and secondary school students in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, and to explore the associations of body mass index (BMI) and vital capacity index (VCI) with poor vision.

Methods: Physical examination data of primary and secondary school students in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, from 2022 to 2026 were used to describe growth and development, physical fitness, and visual acuity indicators. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was applied to identify distinct trajectories of BMI and VCI. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between BMI and VCI trajectories and the detection rate of poor vision, as well as potential nonlinear relationships.

Results: From 2022 to 2026, height, weight, and VCI increased among primary and secondary school students in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, while obesity prevalence declined (all trend p < 0.001). Poor vision increased from 73.3 to 75.0%. GBTM identified three trajectories for BMI and four trajectories for VCI. Compared with the low-level increasing BMI trajectory, medium and high-level increasing trajectories were associated with 13.4 and 36.8% higher odds of poor vision, respectively. For VCI, the medium-level decreasing trajectory was associated with 11.7% higher odds, whereas the high-level decreasing trajectory was associated with a 37.1% lower risk.

Conclusion: From 2022 to 2026, growth and development indicators among primary and secondary school students in Yuzhong District improved, while poor vision remained prevalent. BMI and VCI trajectories were associated with poor vision, highlighting the importance of integrated monitoring and targeted interventions.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{luo2026growth,
  title = {{Growth, nutritional status, and physical fitness trajectories among primary and secondary school students and their associations with poor vision: a school-based study in Chongqing, China}},
  author = {Yaocheng Luo and Wenhua Ran and Shaocheng Fan and Yuanyuan Lan and Youtao Mou and Ling Liu and Yong Zhao},
  journal = {Frontiers in Public Health},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2026.1948162},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1948162/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Growth, nutritional status, and physical fitness trajectories among primary and secondary school students and their associations with poor vision: a school-based study in Chongqing, China
AU  - Yaocheng Luo
AU  - Wenhua Ran
AU  - Shaocheng Fan
AU  - Yuanyuan Lan
AU  - Youtao Mou
AU  - Ling Liu
AU  - Yong Zhao
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/13
JO  - Frontiers in Public Health
DO  - 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1948162
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1948162/full
AB  - Purpose: To examine trends in growth and development, physical fitness, and visual acuity indicators among primary and secondary school students in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, and to explore the associations of body mass index (BMI) and vital capacity index (VCI) with poor vision.  Methods: Physical examination data of primary and secondary school students in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, from 2022 to 2026 were used to describe growth and development, physical fitness, and visual acuity indicators. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was applied to identify distinct trajectories of BMI and VCI. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between BMI and VCI trajectories and the detection rate of poor vision, as well as potential nonlinear relationships.  Results: From 2022 to 2026, height, weight, and VCI increased among primary and secondary school students in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, while obesity prevalence declined (all trend p < 0.001). Poor vision increased from 73.3 to 75.0%. GBTM identified three trajectories for BMI and four trajectories for VCI. Compared with the low-level increasing BMI trajectory, medium and high-level increasing trajectories were associated with 13.4 and 36.8% higher odds of poor vision, respectively. For VCI, the medium-level decreasing trajectory was associated with 11.7% higher odds, whereas the high-level decreasing trajectory was associated with a 37.1% lower risk.  Conclusion: From 2022 to 2026, growth and development indicators among primary and secondary school students in Yuzhong District improved, while poor vision remained prevalent. BMI and VCI trajectories were associated with poor vision, highlighting the importance of integrated monitoring and targeted interventions.
SN  - 2296-2565
ER  -