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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCJournal of Korean medical science

Hepatic Cysts in Korea: Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors Based on a 5.8-Year Follow-up Health Screening Cohort.

  • Kang Seo1
  • Yujeong Kim2
  • Sang Hyuk Park3
  • Nam-Joon Yi3
  • Jeong Hee Yoon4
  • Goh Eun Chung5
  • Jeong-Moo Lee3
  • Seoung Yoon Rho6
  • Min Su Park7
  • Eun Kyung Choe8
  • Aesun Shin9
9 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  2. 2Department of Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  3. 3Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  4. 4Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  5. 5Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.
  6. 6Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Korea.
  7. 7Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
  8. 8Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea. [email protected].
  9. 9Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. [email protected].
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Abstract

Background

Hepatic cysts are fluid-filled liver lesions that are mostly asymptomatic, but fewer than 15% of patients present clinically significant symptoms. Reported prevalence ranges from 2.5% to 71%, yet prior studies have been limited by small populations and incomplete assessment of risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors using data from a large health screening cohort in Korea.Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 78,676 participants in the Health and Prevention Enhancement cohort who underwent abdominal ultrasound at the Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center from 2003 and 2014. Hepatic cysts were identified using a validated rule-based text-mining algorithm applied to ultrasound reports. Prevalence was estimated from baseline data. Incidence was assessed in 41,179 participants initially negative for hepatic cysts. Risk factors were determined through Cox proportional hazards modeling.Results

The prevalence of hepatic cysts at baseline was 8.54% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8.34-8.73). The incidence was 23.4 per 1,000 person-years at risk (95% CI, 22.8-24.0). Cox regression identified hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs-Ag) positivity (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00-1.45) and renal cyst presence (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.31-1.64) as independent risk factors, whereas diabetes mellitus (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.54-0.77) and high physical activity (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97) appeared protective.Conclusion

This study provides the prevalence of 8.54%, incidence, and risk factors of hepatic cysts. Renal cyst presence and HBs-Ag positivity are significant risk factors, whereas high physical activity and diabetic status are protective.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{seo2026hepatic,
  title = {{Hepatic Cysts in Korea: Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors Based on a 5.8-Year Follow-up Health Screening Cohort.}},
  author = {Kang Seo and Yujeong Kim and Sang Hyuk Park and Nam-Joon Yi and Jeong Hee Yoon and Goh Eun Chung and Jeong-Moo Lee and Seoung Yoon Rho and Min Su Park and Eun Kyung Choe and Aesun Shin},
  journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3346/jkms.2026.41.e265},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42901497},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hepatic Cysts in Korea: Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors Based on a 5.8-Year Follow-up Health Screening Cohort.
AU  - Kang Seo
AU  - Yujeong Kim
AU  - Sang Hyuk Park
AU  - Nam-Joon Yi
AU  - Jeong Hee Yoon
AU  - Goh Eun Chung
AU  - Jeong-Moo Lee
AU  - Seoung Yoon Rho
AU  - Min Su Park
AU  - Eun Kyung Choe
AU  - Aesun Shin
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - Journal of Korean medical science
DO  - 10.3346/jkms.2026.41.e265
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42901497
AB  - Background  Hepatic cysts are fluid-filled liver lesions that are mostly asymptomatic, but fewer than 15% of patients present clinically significant symptoms. Reported prevalence ranges from 2.5% to 71%, yet prior studies have been limited by small populations and incomplete assessment of risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors using data from a large health screening cohort in Korea.Methods  We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 78,676 participants in the Health and Prevention Enhancement cohort who underwent abdominal ultrasound at the Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center from 2003 and 2014. Hepatic cysts were identified using a validated rule-based text-mining algorithm applied to ultrasound reports. Prevalence was estimated from baseline data. Incidence was assessed in 41,179 participants initially negative for hepatic cysts. Risk factors were determined through Cox proportional hazards modeling.Results  The prevalence of hepatic cysts at baseline was 8.54% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8.34-8.73). The incidence was 23.4 per 1,000 person-years at risk (95% CI, 22.8-24.0). Cox regression identified hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs-Ag) positivity (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00-1.45) and renal cyst presence (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.31-1.64) as independent risk factors, whereas diabetes mellitus (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.54-0.77) and high physical activity (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97) appeared protective.Conclusion  This study provides the prevalence of 8.54%, incidence, and risk factors of hepatic cysts. Renal cyst presence and HBs-Ag positivity are significant risk factors, whereas high physical activity and diabetic status are protective.
SN  - 1598-6357
ER  -