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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Clinical Medicine

Cervical Cytological Abnormalities in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Non-IBD Controls: A Retrospective Study

  • Edyta Maria Tulewicz-Marti1
  • Hanna Szweda2
  • Patrycja Gumula2
  • Izabela Sierakowska1
  • Konrad Lewandowski1,3
  • Tadeusz Issat2
  • Grazyna Rydzewska1,4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Woloska 137 St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
  2. 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
  3. 3IBD Clinical and Research Center, ISCARE a.s., 190 00 Prague, Czech Republic
  4. 4Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
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Abstract

Background: Data on cervical cytological abnormalities in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are inconsistent. We compared their prevalence in women with and without IBD. Methods: In this retrospective single-centre analysis of electronic medical records (2022–2024), women with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were compared with 141 women treated at a gynaecology outpatient clinic. Cytology was classified exclusively using the Bethesda System (abnormal = ASC-US or worse; “Pap II” inflammation = normal). Results: Of 301 women with IBD, 280 (141 CD, 139 UC) had evaluable cytology. The most recent cytology assessment was abnormal in 4/280 women with IBD (1.4%) versus 13/141 controls (9.2%; OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05–0.45); a current or historical abnormality was identified in 12/280 women with IBD (4.3%) versus 13/141 controls (9.2%; OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20–0.99; p = 0.051). CD and UC did not differ, and no clinical or treatment variable was associated with abnormality (12 events). hrHPV testing was documented in 15.7% of women with IBD (controls 85.8%). Conclusions: Abnormal cytology was infrequent in this closely monitored IBD cohort and numerically lower than in controls; however, the controls comprised a selected group, HPV testing differed between groups, and events were few, so an increased risk cannot be excluded. Regular gynaecological surveillance remains essential.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{tulewiczmarti2026cervical,
  title = {{Cervical Cytological Abnormalities in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Non-IBD Controls: A Retrospective Study}},
  author = {Edyta Maria Tulewicz-Marti and Hanna Szweda and Patrycja Gumula and Izabela Sierakowska and Konrad Lewandowski and Tadeusz Issat and Grazyna Rydzewska},
  journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/jcm15218324},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8324},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cervical Cytological Abnormalities in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Non-IBD Controls: A Retrospective Study
AU  - Edyta Maria Tulewicz-Marti
AU  - Hanna Szweda
AU  - Patrycja Gumula
AU  - Izabela Sierakowska
AU  - Konrad Lewandowski
AU  - Tadeusz Issat
AU  - Grazyna Rydzewska
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
DO  - 10.3390/jcm15218324
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8324
AB  - Background: Data on cervical cytological abnormalities in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are inconsistent. We compared their prevalence in women with and without IBD. Methods: In this retrospective single-centre analysis of electronic medical records (2022–2024), women with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were compared with 141 women treated at a gynaecology outpatient clinic. Cytology was classified exclusively using the Bethesda System (abnormal = ASC-US or worse; “Pap II” inflammation = normal). Results: Of 301 women with IBD, 280 (141 CD, 139 UC) had evaluable cytology. The most recent cytology assessment was abnormal in 4/280 women with IBD (1.4%) versus 13/141 controls (9.2%; OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05–0.45); a current or historical abnormality was identified in 12/280 women with IBD (4.3%) versus 13/141 controls (9.2%; OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20–0.99; p = 0.051). CD and UC did not differ, and no clinical or treatment variable was associated with abnormality (12 events). hrHPV testing was documented in 15.7% of women with IBD (controls 85.8%). Conclusions: Abnormal cytology was infrequent in this closely monitored IBD cohort and numerically lower than in controls; however, the controls comprised a selected group, HPV testing differed between groups, and events were few, so an increased risk cannot be excluded. Regular gynaecological surveillance remains essential.
SN  - 2077-0383
ER  -